Riesgos de estabilidad física en el cerro rico de potosí, patrimonio cultural de la humanidad
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REV. MAMYM
Abstract
El Cerro Rico de Potosí, Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad, ha sido y es uno de los yacimientos mineros más importantes del mundo. Más de quinientos años de explotación han generado trabajo a los habitantes de esa ciudad, cuya existencia seria difícil de entender sin la actividad minera. Sin embargo, dicha explotación en las últimas décadas, cada vez más orientada al minifundismo minero cooperativizado y sin orientación tecnológica, ha ido generando, un notable incremento en la "inestabilidad física del cerro"; lo que ha aumento, la inseguridad de las propias labores mineras que se desarrollan en su interior; la contaminación minera debido a la disposición inapropiada de los desechos mineros; y el patrimonio mismo que representa. El trabajo de investigación presentado tiene por objeto, a partir de la información técnica abundantemente desarrollada, estudiar la estabilidad y riesgo del Cerro Rico de Potosí, tanto en lo que se refiere a las variaciones morfológicas y de deformación; la estabilidad del propio cerro y las de su entorno; y en especial, en las zonas más altas en las que se han generado enormes hundimientos asociados a la intensa actividad minera. Las conclusiones finales derivan en que se debe seguir con la actividad minera en el marco de salvaguardar los derechos humanos de los trabajadores y sus familias; sin embargo, salvaguardando también: la seguridad en las operaciones de extracción con una necesidad de un componente técnico importante, el patrimonio histórico y el medio ambiente.
Cerro Rico de Potosí, Cultural Heritage of Humanity, has been and is one of the most important mining sites in the world. More than five hundred years of exploitation have generated work for the inhabitants of that city, whose existence would be difficult to understand without the mining activity. However, this exploitation in recent decades, increasingly oriented to cooperative mining minifundismo and without technological orientation, has been generating a notable increase in the "physical instability of the hill"; what has increased, the insecurity of the own mining works that are developed inside; mining pollution due to improper disposal of mining waste; and the very heritage it represents. The research work presented aims, from the abundantly developed technical information, to study the stability and risk of Cerro Rico de Potosí, both in terms of morphological and deformation variations; the stability of the hill itself and those of its surroundings; and especially, in the highest areas where enormous subsidence has been associated with intense mining activity. The final conclusions derive from the fact that mining activity must be continued within the framework of safeguarding the human rights of workers and their families; however, also safeguarding: the safety in the extraction operations with a need for an important technical component, the historical heritage and the environment.
Cerro Rico de Potosí, Cultural Heritage of Humanity, has been and is one of the most important mining sites in the world. More than five hundred years of exploitation have generated work for the inhabitants of that city, whose existence would be difficult to understand without the mining activity. However, this exploitation in recent decades, increasingly oriented to cooperative mining minifundismo and without technological orientation, has been generating a notable increase in the "physical instability of the hill"; what has increased, the insecurity of the own mining works that are developed inside; mining pollution due to improper disposal of mining waste; and the very heritage it represents. The research work presented aims, from the abundantly developed technical information, to study the stability and risk of Cerro Rico de Potosí, both in terms of morphological and deformation variations; the stability of the hill itself and those of its surroundings; and especially, in the highest areas where enormous subsidence has been associated with intense mining activity. The final conclusions derive from the fact that mining activity must be continued within the framework of safeguarding the human rights of workers and their families; however, also safeguarding: the safety in the extraction operations with a need for an important technical component, the historical heritage and the environment.
Description
Vol. 4, No. 1