PREVALENCIA DE TRASTORNOS DE AGUDEZA VISUAL EN NIÑOS DE PRIMERO BÁSICO
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Rev. Méd. La Paz
Abstract
Objetivo: Realizar un control de la agudeza visual y determinar la prevalencia de afecciones en la agudeza visual en niños de primero de primaria de colegios seleccionados de la ciudad de La Paz. Diseño: Estudio transversal y descriptivo. Lugar: U.E. Eloy Salmón, U.E Santa Teresa, Colegio Franco Boliviano "Alcides Dorbigny", U.E. "Dora Schmidt". Métodos: Se incluyeron 187 niños de primero de primaria. Se realizó pesquisa de agudeza visual con cartilla de Lea (optotipo). Luego se derivó al oftalmólogo pediatra a los niños con agudeza visual por debajo de los valores normales para la edad. Se ingresó los datos a una base Excel, se procedió al análisis de los mismos a través del uso de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: De 187 niños que fueron evaluados, los valores de agudeza visual fueron 16% 20/40, 11.7% 20/50, dando un total de 52 niños que fueron derivados al oftalmólogo pediatra, el resto se encontraba con valores normales para la edad. Los diagnósticos oftalmológicos fueron astigmatismo mixto 47.7%, astigmatismo miópico simple 38.6%, astigmatismo miópico complejo 9% y miopía 4.5%. Dentro de los antecedentes más relevantes fueron que del total de los niños evaluados72% acudieron a un control oftalmológico previo, en relación a los niños derivados al oftalmólogo pediatra de los cuales el 82% no acudió a un control previo. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de agudeza visual baja hallada en el presente estudio es mayor en relación a los estudios consultados. Por lo que se debe realizar examen físico visual a las edades mencionadas.
Objective: To perform a visual acuity control and determine the prevalence of visual acuity affections in primary school children from selected schools in the city of La Paz. Design: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. Place: U.E. Eloy Salmón, U.E Santa Teresa, Franco Bolivian School "Alcides Dorbigny", U.E "Dora Schmidt". Methods: 187 children from the first year of primary school were included. A visual acuity survey was performed with Lea's chart (optotype). Then the pediatric ophthalmologist was referred to children with visual acuity below normal values for age. The data was entered into an Excel database, which was analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics. Results: Of 187 children who were evaluated, the values of visual acuity were 16% 20/40, 11.7% 20/50, giving a total of 52 children who were referred to the pediatric ophthalmologist, the rest was normal values for age. The ophthalmological diagnoses were mixed astigmatism 47.7%, simple myopic astigmatism 38.6%, complex myopic astigmatism 9% and myopia 4.5%. Among the most relevant antecedents were that of the total of the children evaluated 72% went to a previous ophthalmological control, in relation to the children referred to the pediatric ophthalmologist of whom 82% did not attend a control previous. Conclusions: The prevalence of low visual acuity found in the present study is higher in relation to the studies consulted. Therefore, a visual physical examination must be done at the ages mentioned.
Objective: To perform a visual acuity control and determine the prevalence of visual acuity affections in primary school children from selected schools in the city of La Paz. Design: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. Place: U.E. Eloy Salmón, U.E Santa Teresa, Franco Bolivian School "Alcides Dorbigny", U.E "Dora Schmidt". Methods: 187 children from the first year of primary school were included. A visual acuity survey was performed with Lea's chart (optotype). Then the pediatric ophthalmologist was referred to children with visual acuity below normal values for age. The data was entered into an Excel database, which was analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics. Results: Of 187 children who were evaluated, the values of visual acuity were 16% 20/40, 11.7% 20/50, giving a total of 52 children who were referred to the pediatric ophthalmologist, the rest was normal values for age. The ophthalmological diagnoses were mixed astigmatism 47.7%, simple myopic astigmatism 38.6%, complex myopic astigmatism 9% and myopia 4.5%. Among the most relevant antecedents were that of the total of the children evaluated 72% went to a previous ophthalmological control, in relation to the children referred to the pediatric ophthalmologist of whom 82% did not attend a control previous. Conclusions: The prevalence of low visual acuity found in the present study is higher in relation to the studies consulted. Therefore, a visual physical examination must be done at the ages mentioned.
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Vol. 25, No. 1