Derechos hidroterritoriales y comunidades indígenas: Resistencias y adaptaciones al proyecto hidroenergético de Misicuni, Bolivia

Abstract

Using a theoretical-analytical model of "rights packages," this article analyzes the impacts of the construction of a State hydroelectric dam in Bolivia on the livelihoods and rights of indigenous communities, particularly in relation to land and water. Hydro-territorial rights are defined as the norms and practices that regulate access to and use of water and land, interconnected with historical struggles and livelihoods. Despite advancements in ethnic-territorial rights established in the 2009 Constitution, extractivism has grown, affecting these communities negatively. The Multiple Misicuni Project (PMM), inaugurated in 2017, aims to provide water and energy for all, but raises contradictions regarding the rights of Quechua communities. Although presented as a sustainable solution, its implementation has generated tensions with the hydro-territorial rights of these populations. The central research question is: What are the dilemmas and challenges surrounding hydro-territorial rights and the livelihoods of the Quechua communities of Misicuni? The study focuses on the dynamics of resistance and adaptation of the communities in response to the impacts of the PMM, using observations and interviews to map the conflicts surrounding their hydro-territorial rights, mainly considering perspectives from the Quechua communities. The conclusions highlight the importance of addressing these rights holistically, recognizing the complex interrelations between water and land.