HÁBITOS NUTRICIONALES Y PREVALENCIA DE MALNUTRICIÓN EN LA CIUDAD DE TRINIDAD
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Rev. Méd. La Paz
Abstract
Introducción: Bolivia tiene la segunda tasa de malnutrición crónica más elevada de América Latina y el caribe, nuestra población tiene una dieta deficiente compuesta principalmente de carbohidratos de bajo costo y de otros productos con un alto contenido en grasa y almidón, esto genera no solo retraso en el crecimiento, sino también altas tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad las cuales a su vez incrementan el riesgo de padecer numerosas enfermedades cardiovasculares, metabólicas y oncológicas. Objetivos: Determinar los hábitos nutricionales y prevalencia de malnutrición en pobladores de la ciudad de Trinidad. Metodología: Fue un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, para el cual se distribuyeron 500 encuestas con 18 preguntas. Se definió sobrepeso u obesidad mediante el cálculo del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). La descripción se realizó por medio de frecuencias y porcentajes totales. Resultados: La frecuencia de sobrepeso fue del 39,4% y de obesidad del 21,8%, con predominio en el sexo masculino. Respecto a los hábitos, el 52,9% de los encuestados no realizan ejercicio físico y el 55,3% no comen en horarios; es frecuente el consumo de verduras, frutas, carnes, carbohidratos y comida chatarra, siendo, por el contrario, poco frecuente el consumo de golosinas, lácteos, alcohol y tabaco. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en pobladores de la ciudad de Trinidad es alta, con predominio en varones entre los 18 y 40 años de edad, siendo estas secundarias a malos hábitos higiénico-dietéticos.
Introduction: Bolivia has the second highest chronic malnutrition rate in Latin America and the Caribbean. Our population has a poor diet composed mainly of low-cost carbohydrates and other products with a high fat and starch content, this generally not only delayed growth, but also high rates of overweight and obesity which in turn increase the risk of suffering numerous cardiovascular, metabolic and oncological diseases. Objectives: To determine the nutritional habits and malnutrition prevalence in residents of Trinidad city. Method: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, for which 500 surveys containing 18 questions were distributed. Overweight or obesity was defined by calculating Body Mass Index (BMI). Outcomes description was made by means of frequencies and total percentages. Results: The frequency of overweight was 39.4% and obesity 21.8% with male predominance. Regarding nutritional habits, 52.9% of respondents do not exercise and 55.3% do not eat at times. The consumption of vegetables, fruits, meats, carbohydrates andjunk food was frequent, and on the contrary, the consumption of candies, dairy products, alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions: The frequency of overweight and obesity in residents of Trinidad city is high, with a predominance in men between 18 and 40 years old because of poor dietary habits.
Introduction: Bolivia has the second highest chronic malnutrition rate in Latin America and the Caribbean. Our population has a poor diet composed mainly of low-cost carbohydrates and other products with a high fat and starch content, this generally not only delayed growth, but also high rates of overweight and obesity which in turn increase the risk of suffering numerous cardiovascular, metabolic and oncological diseases. Objectives: To determine the nutritional habits and malnutrition prevalence in residents of Trinidad city. Method: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, for which 500 surveys containing 18 questions were distributed. Overweight or obesity was defined by calculating Body Mass Index (BMI). Outcomes description was made by means of frequencies and total percentages. Results: The frequency of overweight was 39.4% and obesity 21.8% with male predominance. Regarding nutritional habits, 52.9% of respondents do not exercise and 55.3% do not eat at times. The consumption of vegetables, fruits, meats, carbohydrates andjunk food was frequent, and on the contrary, the consumption of candies, dairy products, alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions: The frequency of overweight and obesity in residents of Trinidad city is high, with a predominance in men between 18 and 40 years old because of poor dietary habits.
Description
Vol. 26, No. 2