Probabilidad de identificar las enfermedades en el sistema de producción de ñame (Dioscorea spp.) En las regiones montes de María y Sabanas de sucre en el Caribe de Colombia
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
RIIARn
Abstract
El cultivo del ñame (Dioscorea spp.) introducido en Colombia en el siglo XVI, se ha expandido tanto su área cultivada como su consumo y diversificación de los usos en la región Caribe. Su producción se redujo drásticamente en 1988 como consecuencia de la antracnosis que azotó a la región. Los agricultores suelen asociar esta enfermedad con el marchitamiento y la muerte de las plantas. Sin embargo, no se ha encontrado en la literatura un estudio que defina las variables que usan los agricultores en la identificación de enfermedades en el cultivo del ñame. Por ello, este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los elementos que permiten a los agricultores reconocer la presencia de enfermedades en este cultivo. Con datos de una encuesta aplicada a 48 agricultores seleccionados aleatoriamente en las regiones de Montes de María y Sabanas de Sucre. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y un modelo econométrico Logit de elección discreta, similar al utilizado por McFadden. Los resultados indican que un 18% de los agricultores encuestados son capaces de reconocer la presencia de enfermedades, vinculando el marchitamiento y las manchas en las hojas principalmente con la antracnosis con un 29% de la muestra encuestada. Además, se identificaron variables que influyen en la identificación de enfermedades, como la edad del productor, en promedio 48 años, los años de experiencia en el cultivo del ñame, en promedio de 20 años y el nivel tecnológico que en promedio es medio en un 60% de la muestra. Además se pudo establecer que la variable que mayor explica la identificación de enfermedades es el nivel tecnológico con un valor del parámetro de 5.700661 lo que indica que entre mas alto sea hay mayor probabilidad de que los agricultores identifiquen enfermedades en el cultivo del ñame.
The cultivation of yam (Dioscorea spp.) was introduced to Colombia in the 16th century and has since expanded in both cultivated area and consumption, particularly in the Caribbean region. However, production sharply declined in 1988 due to an anthracnose outbreak caused by Colletotrichum spp., which can reduce yields by over 50% and has led to losses up to 85% in Colombia. Farmers often associate this disease with wilting and plant death. Despite its significance, there is a lack of studies defining the variables farmers use to identify diseases in yam cultivation. This article aims to identify the elements that enable farmers to recognize the presence of diseases in this crop. Data were collected through a survey administered to 48 randomly selected farmers in the Montes de María and Sabanas de Sucre regions. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and a discrete choice econometric Logit model, similar to that used by McFadden. The results indicate that 18% of the surveyed farmers can recognize the presence of diseases, primarily associating wilting and leaf spots with anthracnose in 29% of the sample. Additionally, variables influencing disease identification were identified, such as the average age of the producer (48 years), average experience in yam cultivation (20 years), and an average technological level of 60% in the sample. Furthermore, it was established that the variable most explaining disease identification is the technological level, with a parameter value of 5.700661, indicating that the higher the technological level, the greater the probability that farmers will identify diseases in yam cultivation.
The cultivation of yam (Dioscorea spp.) was introduced to Colombia in the 16th century and has since expanded in both cultivated area and consumption, particularly in the Caribbean region. However, production sharply declined in 1988 due to an anthracnose outbreak caused by Colletotrichum spp., which can reduce yields by over 50% and has led to losses up to 85% in Colombia. Farmers often associate this disease with wilting and plant death. Despite its significance, there is a lack of studies defining the variables farmers use to identify diseases in yam cultivation. This article aims to identify the elements that enable farmers to recognize the presence of diseases in this crop. Data were collected through a survey administered to 48 randomly selected farmers in the Montes de María and Sabanas de Sucre regions. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and a discrete choice econometric Logit model, similar to that used by McFadden. The results indicate that 18% of the surveyed farmers can recognize the presence of diseases, primarily associating wilting and leaf spots with anthracnose in 29% of the sample. Additionally, variables influencing disease identification were identified, such as the average age of the producer (48 years), average experience in yam cultivation (20 years), and an average technological level of 60% in the sample. Furthermore, it was established that the variable most explaining disease identification is the technological level, with a parameter value of 5.700661, indicating that the higher the technological level, the greater the probability that farmers will identify diseases in yam cultivation.
Description
Vol. 12, No. 2