Evaluación de recursos hídricos con fines de riego en la microcuenca Keraya, municipio de Cairoma
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Abstract
El balance hídrico tiene como fin realizar una evaluación cuantitativa espacial y temporal a nivel medio de los recursos hídricos. Asi también, la calidad del agua de riego está determinada por la composición y concentración de los diferentes elementos que pueda tener, ello determina el tipo de cultivo a sembrar y el tipo de manejo que debe darse al suelo. Los objetivos fueron determinar los parámetros físicos, realizar el balance hidrológico y analizar la calidad del agua de riego. La evaluación fue de la microcuenca Keraya, municipio de Cairoma del departamento de La Paz. La metodología consistió en la evaluación de las características físicas y topográficas, balance hídrico, análisis de la calidad de agua y su evaluación estadística. La densidad de drenaje es 0.8 cauces km-² en la microcuenca, el tiempo de concentración es 1.99 horas, la precipitación efectiva para el 2014 fue de 753.00 mm y para el 2015 de 451.69 mm con probabilidades de 72.73% y 81.82%, los meses con mayor cantidad de agua en la microcuenca y en sus redes de drenaje, son de septiembre a marzo y los meses con menor oferta son entre mayo y agosto, con presencia de heladas. El río Keraya proviene del deshielo de los glaciares de la cordillera Oriental y las precipitaciones mensuales de la cabecera de la cuenca, en total se oferta un volumen anual de 2473.14 m³. Los meses con almacenamiento de agua en el suelo son febrero y marzo, teniendo un déficit de humedad en los meses restantes. Los cultivos tienen una evapotranspiración de referencia mayor durante el mes de noviembre coincidiendo con el ciclo de desarrollo más alto de los cultivos. El agua de la microcuenca es apta para riego debido a que pertenece a la clase C1S1, el pH es ligeramente acido en las cabeceras de la cuenca y ligeramente básica durante su trayecto aguas abajo.
The water balance aims to perform a spatial and temporal quantitative assessment of water resources. Likewise, the quality of irrigation water is determined by the composition and concentration of the different elements that may have, this determines the type of crop to be planted and the type of management that must be given to the soil. The objectives were to determine the physical parameters, perform the hydrological balance and analyze the quality of the irrigation water. The evaluation was of the Keraya micro-basin, municipality of Cairoma, Department of La Paz. The methodology consisted of the evaluation of the physical and topographic characteristics, water balance, water quality analysis and its statistical evaluation. The density of drainage is 0.8 km-² channels in the micro-basin, the concentration time is 1.99 hours, the effective precipitation for 2014 was 753.00 mm and for 2015 451.69 mm with probabilities of 72.73% and 81.82%, the months with more water in the microbasin and in its drainage networks, are from Septemberto March and the months with the lowest supply are between May and August, with the presence of frost. The Keraya River comes from the melting of the glaciers of the Eastern mountain range and the monthly precipitations of the head of the basin, in total an annual volume of 2473.14 m³ is offered. The months with storage of water in the soil are February and March, having a deficit of humidity in the remaining months. The crops have a higher reference evapotranspiration during the month of November, coinciding with the highest development cycle of the crops. The water in the microbasin is suitable for irrigation because it belongs to the C1S1 class, the pH is slightly acidic in the headwaters of the basin and slightly basic during its downstream journey.
The water balance aims to perform a spatial and temporal quantitative assessment of water resources. Likewise, the quality of irrigation water is determined by the composition and concentration of the different elements that may have, this determines the type of crop to be planted and the type of management that must be given to the soil. The objectives were to determine the physical parameters, perform the hydrological balance and analyze the quality of the irrigation water. The evaluation was of the Keraya micro-basin, municipality of Cairoma, Department of La Paz. The methodology consisted of the evaluation of the physical and topographic characteristics, water balance, water quality analysis and its statistical evaluation. The density of drainage is 0.8 km-² channels in the micro-basin, the concentration time is 1.99 hours, the effective precipitation for 2014 was 753.00 mm and for 2015 451.69 mm with probabilities of 72.73% and 81.82%, the months with more water in the microbasin and in its drainage networks, are from Septemberto March and the months with the lowest supply are between May and August, with the presence of frost. The Keraya River comes from the melting of the glaciers of the Eastern mountain range and the monthly precipitations of the head of the basin, in total an annual volume of 2473.14 m³ is offered. The months with storage of water in the soil are February and March, having a deficit of humidity in the remaining months. The crops have a higher reference evapotranspiration during the month of November, coinciding with the highest development cycle of the crops. The water in the microbasin is suitable for irrigation because it belongs to the C1S1 class, the pH is slightly acidic in the headwaters of the basin and slightly basic during its downstream journey.
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Vol. 4, No. 2