Diseño de filtro percolador para tratamiento de aguas residuales con lodos anaerobios en Pangaravi
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Volume Title
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
El objetivo de la investigación fue diseñar un filtro percolador aplicado al tratamiento de aguas residuales con lodos anaerobios en la localidad de Pangaravi, Nasca. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque aplicado, de tipo observacional-prospectivo transversal, con nivel explicativo y diseño experimental. La metodología incluyó la caracterización fisicoquímica del agua residual, el dimensionamiento del sistema de tratamiento y la evaluación de parámetros operacionales fundamentales. En el proceso de dimensionamiento se evaluaron parámetros críticos del sistema, tales como caudal de recirculación, carga orgánica, carga hidráulica volumétrica, carga vertical y velocidad de filtración. Los resultados demostraron una capacidad de remoción de 438.05 kg DBO₅/día para un área de filtración de 247.42 m² y un volumen de empaque de 742.25 m³, con una carga orgánica promedio de 0.63 kg/m³·día, utilizando un distribuidor rotatorio de cuatro brazos para garantizar la distribución uniforme del efluente. El análisis de eficiencia reveló que la producción de lodo másico fue significativamente mayor en el sistema diseñado comparado con sistemas convencionales, confirmando la efectividad del filtro percolador en la estabilización y depuración de aguas residuales. El sistema propuesto logra eficiencias de remoción superiores al 85% para DBO₅ y sólidos suspendidos totales. Se concluye que esta tecnología representa una alternativa técnica viable, económicamente factible y ambientalmente sostenible para comunidades rurales, ya que garantiza alta eficiencia en la remoción de contaminantes, contribuye a la gestión adecuada de lodos residuales y mejora significativamente la calidad ambiental y sanitaria de la zona de estudio.
The objective of this research was to design a trickling filter system applied to wastewater treatment with anaerobic sludge in the locality of Pangaravi, Nazca. The study was conducted using an applied, observational-prospective, cross-sectional approach with an explanatory level and experimental design. The methodology included physicochemical characterization of wastewater, treatment system sizing, and evaluation of fundamental operational parameters. During the sizing process, critical system parameters were evaluated, including recirculation flow rate, organic loading, volumetric hydraulic loading, vertical loading, and filtration velocity. Results demonstrated a removal capacity of 438.05 kg BOD₅/day for a filtration area of 247.42 m² and a packing volume of 742.25 m³, with an average organic loading of 0.63 kg/m³·day, utilizing a four-arm rotary distributor to ensure uniform effluent distribution. Efficiency analysis revealed that sludge mass production was significantly higher in the designed system compared to conventional systems, confirming the effectiveness of the trickling filter in wastewater stabilization and purification. The proposed system achieves removal efficiencies exceeding 85% for BOD₅ and total suspended solids. The research demonstrates that trickling filter technology offers superior performance characteristics including consistent pollutant removal, minimal energy requirements, and simplified operational maintenance protocols. It is concluded that this technology represents a viable technical alternative that is economically feasible and environmentally sustainable for rural communities. The system guarantees high efficiency in contaminant removal, contributes to adequate management of residual sludge, and significantly improves the environmental and sanitary quality of the study area. This approach provides a replicable model for similar communities facing wastewater treatment challenges.
The objective of this research was to design a trickling filter system applied to wastewater treatment with anaerobic sludge in the locality of Pangaravi, Nazca. The study was conducted using an applied, observational-prospective, cross-sectional approach with an explanatory level and experimental design. The methodology included physicochemical characterization of wastewater, treatment system sizing, and evaluation of fundamental operational parameters. During the sizing process, critical system parameters were evaluated, including recirculation flow rate, organic loading, volumetric hydraulic loading, vertical loading, and filtration velocity. Results demonstrated a removal capacity of 438.05 kg BOD₅/day for a filtration area of 247.42 m² and a packing volume of 742.25 m³, with an average organic loading of 0.63 kg/m³·day, utilizing a four-arm rotary distributor to ensure uniform effluent distribution. Efficiency analysis revealed that sludge mass production was significantly higher in the designed system compared to conventional systems, confirming the effectiveness of the trickling filter in wastewater stabilization and purification. The proposed system achieves removal efficiencies exceeding 85% for BOD₅ and total suspended solids. The research demonstrates that trickling filter technology offers superior performance characteristics including consistent pollutant removal, minimal energy requirements, and simplified operational maintenance protocols. It is concluded that this technology represents a viable technical alternative that is economically feasible and environmentally sustainable for rural communities. The system guarantees high efficiency in contaminant removal, contributes to adequate management of residual sludge, and significantly improves the environmental and sanitary quality of the study area. This approach provides a replicable model for similar communities facing wastewater treatment challenges.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 27
Keywords
Filtro percolador, Aguas residuales, Lodos anaerobios, Diseño de tratamiento, Sostenibilidad ambiental, Trickling filter, Wastewater treatment, Anaerobic sludge, Treatment design, Environmental sustainability, Filtro percolador, Águas residuais, Lodos anaeróbicos, Projeto de tratamento, Sustentabilidade ambiental