Sensibilidad antimicrobiana de Mycobacterium tuberculosis atendidos en hospital de tercer nivel de Colombia
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rev. Inv. Inf. Sal.
Abstract
Resumen: Introducción: La tuberculosis (TBC) continúa siendo un problema de salud pública mundial; su patogenia se desarrolla principalmente en el pulmón, pero puede afectar otros órganos como los riñones, el cerebro, la columna vertebral y la piel; el objetivo fue determinar la sensibilidad antimicrobiana por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para TBC, anidada en un hospital de mediana complejidad en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo de casos detectados con tuberculosis en el periodo entre enero- agosto del año 2023. Las herramientas utilizadas fueron bases de datos de validación del hospital, así como el libro de seguimiento y reporte manual del área de donde se obtuvieron los resultados, las cuales se analizaron. Resultados: Se contó con 205 pacientes con sospecha de infección por el complejo M. tuberculosis, de las cuales 45 muestras positivas con perfil de sensibilidad. El promedio de edad fue de 49,2 años (DE ± 21,90) (IC 95%: 42,8-55,6), el sexo masculino con 60,0 % el de mayor frecuencia. Las muestras analizadas fueron esputos 82,2%, secreciones 6,67% (diferentes a esputo, como abscesos y heridas), jugo gástrico 4,4% y tubo endotraqueal 2,2%. En el análisis estratificado por muestras se encontraron sensibilidades a la rifampicina de 77,7%; el mayor factor de riesgo fue para fumadores o consumidores de psicoactivos con un 11,0%. Discusión: El diagnóstico por PCR anidada permitió identificar tuberculosis sensible en la mayoría de los pacientes. El consumo de cigarrillos, psicoactivos y exposición a biomasas generan una alta predisposición a la tuberculosis; estos datos instan a la implementación.
Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global public health problem; its pathogenesis develops mainly in the lung, but can affect other organs such as the kidneys, brain, spine and skin; the objective was to determine antimicrobial sensitivity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for TB, nested in a medium-complexity hospital in Colombia. Materials and methods. A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on cases detected with tuberculosis in the period between January and August 2023. The tools used were hospital validation databases, as well as the follow-up book and manual report of the area from which the results were obtained, which were analyzed. Results: There were 205 patients with suspected infection by the M. tuberculosis complex, of which 45 positive samples with a sensitivity profile. The mean age was 49,2 years (SD ± 21,90) (95% CI: 42,8-55,6), and males were the most common gender, representing 60.0%. The samples analyzed were sputum (82,2%), secretions (non-sputum, such as abscesses and wounds) (6,67%), gastric fluid (4,4%), and endotracheal tube (2,2%). Stratified analysis by sample revealed rifampicin susceptibility of 77,7%; the highest risk factor was smokers or psychoactive drug users (11,0%). Discussion: Nested PCR diagnosis identified susceptible tuberculosis in the majority of patients. Cigarette smoking, psychoactive drug use, and exposure to biomass generate a high predisposition to tuberculosis; these data call for its implementation.
Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global public health problem; its pathogenesis develops mainly in the lung, but can affect other organs such as the kidneys, brain, spine and skin; the objective was to determine antimicrobial sensitivity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for TB, nested in a medium-complexity hospital in Colombia. Materials and methods. A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on cases detected with tuberculosis in the period between January and August 2023. The tools used were hospital validation databases, as well as the follow-up book and manual report of the area from which the results were obtained, which were analyzed. Results: There were 205 patients with suspected infection by the M. tuberculosis complex, of which 45 positive samples with a sensitivity profile. The mean age was 49,2 years (SD ± 21,90) (95% CI: 42,8-55,6), and males were the most common gender, representing 60.0%. The samples analyzed were sputum (82,2%), secretions (non-sputum, such as abscesses and wounds) (6,67%), gastric fluid (4,4%), and endotracheal tube (2,2%). Stratified analysis by sample revealed rifampicin susceptibility of 77,7%; the highest risk factor was smokers or psychoactive drug users (11,0%). Discussion: Nested PCR diagnosis identified susceptible tuberculosis in the majority of patients. Cigarette smoking, psychoactive drug use, and exposure to biomass generate a high predisposition to tuberculosis; these data call for its implementation.
Description
Vol. 20, No. 48