PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIESEL A PARTIR DE ACEITE CRUDO DE PALMA (Elaeis guineensis), PARA SU USO COMO FASE CONTINUA EN FLUIDOS DE PERFORACIÓN
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Abstract
El uso de aceites como fase continua en fluidos de perforación conllevó al desarrollo de un fluido a partir de aceite crudo de palma (Elaeis guineensis). Para ello, fue necesario aplicar un proceso de transesterificación para obtener un éster o biodiésel. Al ser caracterizado, este cumplió con la norma ASTM B100, excepto por la viscosidad cinemática (6,38 cSt), la cual superó el valor máximo regulado. Asimismo, presentó un espectro IR típico de un biodiesel de palma lo que confirmó la calidad del biodiesel obtenido aplicando metanólisis ácida y básica. Seguidamente, se formuló un fluido de perforación con una densidad de 1437,92 kg/m³ y se sometió a un proceso de envejecimiento dinámico a 121,1 ºC (250 °F) y 1,38 MPa (200 psi). El fluido resultante demostró tener mejores propiedades físicas que fluidos de igual densidad como el Vassa y el gasoil. Finalmente, se estudió su comportamiento al reducir e incrementar la temperatura en 27,7°C con respecto a la temperatura de envejecimiento inicial, presentando un funcionamiento ideal a las menores temperaturas (93,3 y 121,1 ºC), pero una degradación térmica a 148,8 °C, lo que lo convierte en no funcional a esa temperatura.
The use of oils as a continuous phase in drilling fluids led to the development of a fluid from crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis). For this, it was necessary to apply a transesterification process to obtain an ester or biodiesel. When characterized, it complied with the ASTM B100 standard, except for the kinematic viscosity (6.38 cSt), which exceeded the maximum regulated value. Likewise, it presented a typical IR spectrum of a palm biodiesel, which confirmed the quality of the biodiesel obtained by applying acid and basic methanolysis. A drilling fluid with a density of 1437.92 kg / m³, was then formulated and subjected to a dynamic aging process at 121.1 °C (250 ° F) and 1.38 MPa (200 psi). The resulting fluid was shown to have better physical properties than fluids Vassa and diesel of equal density. Finally, its behavior was studied by reducing and increasing the temperature by 27.7 ° C with respect to the initial aging temperature, presenting an ideal operation at the lowest temperatures (93.3 and 121.1 ºC), but a thermal degradation at 148.8 °C, which makes it non-functional at that temperature.
The use of oils as a continuous phase in drilling fluids led to the development of a fluid from crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis). For this, it was necessary to apply a transesterification process to obtain an ester or biodiesel. When characterized, it complied with the ASTM B100 standard, except for the kinematic viscosity (6.38 cSt), which exceeded the maximum regulated value. Likewise, it presented a typical IR spectrum of a palm biodiesel, which confirmed the quality of the biodiesel obtained by applying acid and basic methanolysis. A drilling fluid with a density of 1437.92 kg / m³, was then formulated and subjected to a dynamic aging process at 121.1 °C (250 ° F) and 1.38 MPa (200 psi). The resulting fluid was shown to have better physical properties than fluids Vassa and diesel of equal density. Finally, its behavior was studied by reducing and increasing the temperature by 27.7 ° C with respect to the initial aging temperature, presenting an ideal operation at the lowest temperatures (93.3 and 121.1 ºC), but a thermal degradation at 148.8 °C, which makes it non-functional at that temperature.
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Vol. 21, No. 1