Prevalencia de Hepatitis B y Factores de riesgo en su transmisión, municipio de Huacareta abril a noviembre 2009
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Rev. Cien. Tec. In.
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de establecer la prevalencia y factores de riesgo para la infección por hepatitis B en el municipio de Huacareta. Se trabajó en el diseño del estudio con una investigación transversal de prevalencia; incluyendo a todos los individuos sometidos al tamizaje realizado por el Servicio Departamental de Salud de Chuquisaca la gestión 2009, ascendiendo a un total de 2013 personas. Para la determinación de los factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por hepatitis B se realizó la prueba multivariante regresión logística, con el fin de estudiar la variables independientes se las agrupó en dos componentes, sociodemográficos y antecedentes personales de riesgo. El nivel de significación estadística se estableció en p<0.05. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el 4,9 % de las personas resultaron positivas para el antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B, respecto a la positividad del marcador anticuerpo antinuclear, se detecta que el mismo representa a un 42,7 %. Como resultado de la Odds Ratio ajustada mediante el modelo de regresión logística se establecieron tres factores de riesgo:, el proceder del área rural (OR=2,179; IC=1,716-2,768), el ser agricultor (OR=2,758; IC=1,888-4,028) y tener más de una pareja sexual (OR= 1,839; IC=1,078-3,138) encontrándose como de protección: el ser menor de diez años (OR=0,190; IC=0,131-0,276) y ser soltero (OR=0,194; IC=0,151-0,249). Como conclusión se evidenció una proporción de positividad moderada para el antígeno de superficie en el municipio de Huacareta, ubicándolo como región endémica intermedia. La investigación ha permitido también identificar cinco variables incluidas en el modelo de regresión logística que tratan de explicar la infección con hepatitis B a través de la positividad a alguno de los dos marcadores utilizados en el estudio; tres de las cinco variables se consideraron factores de riesgo, y dos como factor de protección.
The present study aims to establish the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B infection in the municipality of Huacareta. We worked on the study design with a cross-sectional research of prevalence; including all individuals subject to screening carried out by the Chuquisaca Departmental Health Service in 2009, making a total of 2013 people. To determine the risk factors associated with hepatitis B infection, the multivariate logistic regression test was performed, in order to study the simultaneous relationship between risk factors and the dependent variable; the independent variables were grouped into two components, sociodemographic and personal risk history. The level of statistical significance was established at p <0.05. The results of the investigation showed that 4.9 % of the people were positive for the surface antigen of hepatitis B, with respect to the positivity of the anti-nuclear antibody marker, it is detected that it represents 42.7 %. As a result of the Odds Ratio adjusted by the logistic regression model, three risk factors were established: being from the rural area (OR = 2,179; CI = 1,716-2,768), being a farmer (OR = 2,758; CI = 1,888- 4.028) and having more than one sexual partner (OR = 1.839; CI = 1.078-3.138), having as protective: being under ten years old (OR = 0.190; CI = 0.131-0.276) and being single (OR = 0.194; CI = 0.151-0.249). As a conclusion, a moderate positivity proportion for the surface antigen was evidenced in the municipality of Huacareta, placing it as an intermediate endemic region. The research has also made possible to identify five variables included in the logistic regression model that try to explain the infection with hepatitis B through the positivity of one of the two markers used in the study; three of the five variables were considered risk factors, and two as protection factors.
The present study aims to establish the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B infection in the municipality of Huacareta. We worked on the study design with a cross-sectional research of prevalence; including all individuals subject to screening carried out by the Chuquisaca Departmental Health Service in 2009, making a total of 2013 people. To determine the risk factors associated with hepatitis B infection, the multivariate logistic regression test was performed, in order to study the simultaneous relationship between risk factors and the dependent variable; the independent variables were grouped into two components, sociodemographic and personal risk history. The level of statistical significance was established at p <0.05. The results of the investigation showed that 4.9 % of the people were positive for the surface antigen of hepatitis B, with respect to the positivity of the anti-nuclear antibody marker, it is detected that it represents 42.7 %. As a result of the Odds Ratio adjusted by the logistic regression model, three risk factors were established: being from the rural area (OR = 2,179; CI = 1,716-2,768), being a farmer (OR = 2,758; CI = 1,888- 4.028) and having more than one sexual partner (OR = 1.839; CI = 1.078-3.138), having as protective: being under ten years old (OR = 0.190; CI = 0.131-0.276) and being single (OR = 0.194; CI = 0.151-0.249). As a conclusion, a moderate positivity proportion for the surface antigen was evidenced in the municipality of Huacareta, placing it as an intermediate endemic region. The research has also made possible to identify five variables included in the logistic regression model that try to explain the infection with hepatitis B through the positivity of one of the two markers used in the study; three of the five variables were considered risk factors, and two as protection factors.
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Vol. 18, No. 22