Aislamiento de microorganismos del Botadero Municipal de Tacna para biodegradación de polietileno de baja densidad
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rev. Cien. Tec. In.
Abstract
La mala disposición de residuos plásticos representa un grave problema ambiental debido al perjuicio que le produce a los recursos naturales (suelo, agua, aire, flora y fauna). El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue aislar microorganismos del Botadero Municipal de Tacna para biodegradar polietileno de baja densidad. Para ello, se extrajo una muestra de 15 bolsas y 15 botellas plásticas del Botadero Municipal de Tacna, se sumergieron en medio salino hasta lograr la suspensión de los microorganismos y tras una filtración, se inoculó hacia los medios de cultivo. El aislamiento de cultivos se llevó a cabo en agar nutritivo (para bacterias) y en agar papa dextrosa (para hongos). La observación microscópica se llevó a cabo mediante coloración Gram (para bacterias) y aplicando la técnica de la cinta pegante (para hongos). Se llevaron a cabo pruebas de catalasa y de fermentación de carbohidratos. Hubo una disgregación de cuatro consorcios, evaluando su capacidad de biodegradación de polietileno de baja densidad con una diferencia de pesos antes y después de su actividad microbiana tras 70 días. Dentro de las cepas aisladas del Botadero Municipal se encontraron: bacilos esporulados, cocos, diplococos, bacilos cortos y cocobacilos; dentro de los hongos aislados destacan Rhodotorula sp, Penicillium vanoranjei, Aspergillus sp y Saccharomyces sp. Se determinó que el consorcio compuesto por Penicillium vanoranjei y bacterias cocoides fue el que produjo una mayor pérdida de peso de polietileno del 6,01%. Asimismo, se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos que recibieron un tratamiento por consorcio microbiano y los que no.
The improper disposal of plastic waste represents a serious environmental problem due to the damage it causes to natural resources (soil, water, air, flora, and fauna). This research aimed to isolate microorganisms from the Tacna Municipal Landfill that could biodegrade low-density polyethylene. To this end, a sample of 15 plastic bags and 15 bottles were extracted from the Tacna Municipal Landfill and immersed in a saline medium until the microorganisms were suspended. After filtration, the samples were inoculated into the culture media. Culture isolation was carried out on nutrient agar (for bacteria) and potato dextrose agar (for fungi). Microscopic observation was performed using Gram staining (for bacteria) and the adhesive tape technique (for fungi). Catalase and carbohydrate fermentation tests were performed. Four consortia were disaggregated, and their capacity to biodegrade low-density polyethylene was evaluated, comparing their weights before and after microbial activity after 70 days. Among the strains isolated from the Municipal Landfill were spore-forming bacilli, cocci, diplococci, short bacilli, and coccobacilli; among the fungi isolated were Rhodotorula sp, Penicillium vanoranjei, Aspergillus sp, and Saccharomyces sp. The consortium of Penicillium vanoranjei and coccoid bacteria produced the greatest polyethylene weight loss, 6.01%. Significant differences were also evident between the groups that received microbial consortium treatment and those that did not.
The improper disposal of plastic waste represents a serious environmental problem due to the damage it causes to natural resources (soil, water, air, flora, and fauna). This research aimed to isolate microorganisms from the Tacna Municipal Landfill that could biodegrade low-density polyethylene. To this end, a sample of 15 plastic bags and 15 bottles were extracted from the Tacna Municipal Landfill and immersed in a saline medium until the microorganisms were suspended. After filtration, the samples were inoculated into the culture media. Culture isolation was carried out on nutrient agar (for bacteria) and potato dextrose agar (for fungi). Microscopic observation was performed using Gram staining (for bacteria) and the adhesive tape technique (for fungi). Catalase and carbohydrate fermentation tests were performed. Four consortia were disaggregated, and their capacity to biodegrade low-density polyethylene was evaluated, comparing their weights before and after microbial activity after 70 days. Among the strains isolated from the Municipal Landfill were spore-forming bacilli, cocci, diplococci, short bacilli, and coccobacilli; among the fungi isolated were Rhodotorula sp, Penicillium vanoranjei, Aspergillus sp, and Saccharomyces sp. The consortium of Penicillium vanoranjei and coccoid bacteria produced the greatest polyethylene weight loss, 6.01%. Significant differences were also evident between the groups that received microbial consortium treatment and those that did not.
Description
Vol. 23, No. 33