La hidrosiembra, técnica de bioingeniería para la restauración de suelos producto de actividades mineras: experiencia en el proyecto minero mirador, Zamora Chinchipe - Ecuador.
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REV. MAMYM
Abstract
La extracción de mineral en el proyecto Mirador se realizará mediante el método de explotación a cielo abierto y requiere construir un sinnúmero de facilidades principales como: vías, accesos, campamentos, plataformas, diques, banda transportadora de material, canales de manejo de agua y más facilidades; esto implica la remoción de grandes cantidades de suelo, y posteriormente la adecuación en escombreras estabilizadas con técnicas de restauración ambiental. Mirador se encuentra en la zona tropical con un promedio de precipitación de 2500 mm anual, lo cual en suelos desprotegidos de vegetación genera erosión y sedimentación de los cuerpos de agua. A la vez, el proyecto que se desarrolla desde la cota 796 hasta la cota 1657, presenta dos ecosistemas naturales, el bosque húmedo piemontano y el bosque húmedo montano bajo, ambos representan decenas de especies florísticas que se desarrollan por sucesión natural.Controlar la erosión con las especies de flora nativas es un reto que es analizado muy cuidadosamente, así como la tecnología a utilizar, la selección de especies apropiadas para cada tipo de ecosistema y el tipo de suelo son parte del proceso investigativo del presente documento.
The extraction of mineral in the Mirador project will be carried out using the open-pit method and requires the construction of a number of main facilities such as roads, camps, platforms, dams, material conveyor belt, water management channels, that means moving soil and placing it in pre-defined slag heaps. Mirador is located in the tropical zone of Ecuador with an average annual precipitation of 2500 mm, which in unprotected soils of vegetation generates erosion and sedimentation of bodies of water. At the same time, the Project that develops from level 796 to level 1657 has two natural ecosystems, the humid piedmont forest, and the humid montane low forest, with dozens of floristic species that grow naturally. Control erosion with native flora species becomes a challenge that must be studied good carefully, the variables to be considered as the technology to be used, the appropriate species for each type of ecosystem and soil type are part, of the research process of the present document.
The extraction of mineral in the Mirador project will be carried out using the open-pit method and requires the construction of a number of main facilities such as roads, camps, platforms, dams, material conveyor belt, water management channels, that means moving soil and placing it in pre-defined slag heaps. Mirador is located in the tropical zone of Ecuador with an average annual precipitation of 2500 mm, which in unprotected soils of vegetation generates erosion and sedimentation of bodies of water. At the same time, the Project that develops from level 796 to level 1657 has two natural ecosystems, the humid piedmont forest, and the humid montane low forest, with dozens of floristic species that grow naturally. Control erosion with native flora species becomes a challenge that must be studied good carefully, the variables to be considered as the technology to be used, the appropriate species for each type of ecosystem and soil type are part, of the research process of the present document.
Description
Vol. 5, No. 1