El tarwi (lupinus mutabilis) y su importancia social y económica en las familias del altiplano norte de Bolivia
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Abstract
El tarwi en Bolivia es cultivado en cuatro departamentos, con un rendimiento medio de 637 kg/ha, y una producción total anual de 1208 t en una superficie de 1895 ha (ENA, 2008). Investigaciones efectuadas por Iturralde (2012), mencionan que en la comunidad de Carabuco del municipio de Puerto Mayor Carabuco existe una superficie cultivada de 17,8 ha de tarwi, representando el 21% del total de la superficie cultivada con rendimiento promedio de 1718 kg/ha cuyo mercado de comercialización está situado en las comunidades de Escoma y Korahuasi. Es por esta razón que el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la importancia del tarwi en las familias del municipio de Puerto Mayor Carabuco del altiplano Norte de Bolivia, desde el punto de vista productivo, de comercialización y de consumo. Para alcanzar tal fin se desarrollaron talleres participativos, encuestas a 105 agricultores de 22 comunidades del municipio y el seguimiento durante tres años y tres meses a los precios y cantidades comercializadas de tarwi. El tratamiento de la información fue realizado con el programa estadístico Stata ver 12.0, también se deflactaron los precios con el fin de obtener precios reales. Entre los principales resultados se tiene que en la gestión agrícola 2010-2011 y 2011 -2012, el 25% de los agricultores sembraron tarwi con precios de comercialización diferenciados entre grano de buena y mala calidad, donde el consumo en la región es muy bajo, pudiendo señalar decir que el cultivo tiene importancia, debido a que los productores pueden almacenar el grano por largos periodos de tiempo entre uno a dos años ofertándolo en las ferias locales principalmente cuando tienen alguna necesidad económica o cuando los intermediarios asignan mayores precios por la compra de este producto.
Lupine, is cultivated in Bolivia in four departments, with an average yield of 637 kg / ha, and a total annual production of 1,208 MT in an area of 1,895 ha (ENA, 2008). Research conducted by Iturralde (2012) mention that in the community of Carabuco, municipality of Puerto Mayor Carabuco, the cultivated surface of lupine is 17.8 ha, representing 21 % of total cultivated area with an average yield of 1,718 kg / ha. The market for its commercialization is located in the communities of Escoma and Korahuasi. The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of lupine in families in the municipality of Puerto Mayor Carabuco in the Bolivian Northern Altiplano, from the point of view of production, marketing and consumption. To achieve this purpose, participatory workshops were developed, 105 surveys to farmers were conducted in 22 communities in the municipality, and there was a following up of traded prices and quantities of lupine, during three years and three months. The data processing was performed with Stata 12.0 statistical program; prices were also deflated in orderto obtain real prices. The following are among the main results: during the farm cultivation years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, 25% of the farmers planted lupine with differentiated marketing prices forgrain, between good and bad quality. Lupine consumption in the region is very low and the crop is important, because farmers can store grain for long periods of time between one to two years, offering it mainly at local fairs when they have a financial need, orwhen intermediaries assign higher prices for buying this product.
Lupine, is cultivated in Bolivia in four departments, with an average yield of 637 kg / ha, and a total annual production of 1,208 MT in an area of 1,895 ha (ENA, 2008). Research conducted by Iturralde (2012) mention that in the community of Carabuco, municipality of Puerto Mayor Carabuco, the cultivated surface of lupine is 17.8 ha, representing 21 % of total cultivated area with an average yield of 1,718 kg / ha. The market for its commercialization is located in the communities of Escoma and Korahuasi. The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of lupine in families in the municipality of Puerto Mayor Carabuco in the Bolivian Northern Altiplano, from the point of view of production, marketing and consumption. To achieve this purpose, participatory workshops were developed, 105 surveys to farmers were conducted in 22 communities in the municipality, and there was a following up of traded prices and quantities of lupine, during three years and three months. The data processing was performed with Stata 12.0 statistical program; prices were also deflated in orderto obtain real prices. The following are among the main results: during the farm cultivation years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, 25% of the farmers planted lupine with differentiated marketing prices forgrain, between good and bad quality. Lupine consumption in the region is very low and the crop is important, because farmers can store grain for long periods of time between one to two years, offering it mainly at local fairs when they have a financial need, orwhen intermediaries assign higher prices for buying this product.
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Vol. 1, No. 1