Análisis sobre la suscripción de la unión aduanera de la Comunidad Andina: creación y desviación comercial (1967-2017)
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rlde
Abstract
El presente documento busca determinar si la suscripción de la unión aduanera de la CAN en el año 1995 dio lugar a un proceso de creación/desviación del comercio intrarregional y extrarregional para sus miembros. Por tal motivo, se estima el modelo estructural de gravedad de comercio, con datos de panel de 83 países, que comprende el periodo que va de 1967 a 2017, con una desagregación de doce tipos de cadenas productivas de bienes, mediante el método de estimación "Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood". Las estimaciones sugieren que la suscripción de la unión aduanera de la CAN da lugar a un proceso de creación de comercio intrarregional y creación de importaciones procedentes de países no miembros. Entre otros resultados, se identifica que la suscripción de esta unión aduanera incrementa el comercio intrarregional en las siguientes cadenas productivas de bienes: papel y madera, acero y hierro, metales no ferrosos y electrónicos. También, se encuentra que en los grupos de cadenas productivas de energía, químicos, vehículos y eléctricos se genera un proceso de creación de exportaciones hacia países no miembros.
This paper seeks to determine whether the signing of the CAN customs union in 1995 gave rise to a process of creation/diversion of intra-regional and extra-regional trade for its members. For this reason, estimates of the structural gravity trade model are developed, with panel data from 83 countries, which includes the period 1967-2017, with a disaggregation of twelve types of goods production chains, using the estimation method "Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood". Estimates suggest that signing the CAN customs union leads to a process of intraregional trade creation and the creation of imports from non-member countries. Among other results, the signing of this customs union increases intra-regional trade in the following productive chains of goods: paper and wood, steel and iron, non-ferrous metals and electronics. Also, it is identified that the groups of productive chains of energy, chemicals, vehicles and electric, a process of creation of exports to non-member countries is generated.
This paper seeks to determine whether the signing of the CAN customs union in 1995 gave rise to a process of creation/diversion of intra-regional and extra-regional trade for its members. For this reason, estimates of the structural gravity trade model are developed, with panel data from 83 countries, which includes the period 1967-2017, with a disaggregation of twelve types of goods production chains, using the estimation method "Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood". Estimates suggest that signing the CAN customs union leads to a process of intraregional trade creation and the creation of imports from non-member countries. Among other results, the signing of this customs union increases intra-regional trade in the following productive chains of goods: paper and wood, steel and iron, non-ferrous metals and electronics. Also, it is identified that the groups of productive chains of energy, chemicals, vehicles and electric, a process of creation of exports to non-member countries is generated.
Description
No. 34
Keywords
Acuerdo comercial regional, Comunidad Andina, comercio intrarregional, comercio extrarregional, modelo estructural de gravedad de comercio y Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood, Regional trade agreement, Andean Community, intra-regional trade, extra-regional trade, structural gravity model of trade and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood