Deficiencia de agua en el suelo y fijación biológica de nitrógeno en el cultivo de fréjol Phaseolus vulgaris L
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J. Selva Andina Biosph.
Abstract
La identificación de los estadios del cultivo de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en los que la deficiencia de agua que disminuye la fijación biológica de nitrógeno FBN, se realizó en ensayos de campo en un suelo Typic Haplustoll, franco arenoso del Centro Experimental La Tola, Pichincha, Ecuador. La temperatura media anual de la localidad es de 15 ºC y la humedad relativa de 74%, a una altitud de 2465 metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm). Se registraron 123 mm de precipitación durante el período del experimento (julio y noviembre de 1995). Los tratamientos consistieron en 6 regímenes de humedad S1= Riego normal durante todo el ciclo, S2= Riego deficitario durante todo el ciclo, S3= Stress hídrico durante la fase de crecimiento vegetativo (20-50 días después de la siembra dds), S4= Stress hídrico durante la floración (53-81 dds), S5= Stress hídrico durante el llenado de la vaina (82-110 dds) y S6= Stress hídrico durante la maduración (111-130 dds). La humedad del suelo fue medida con una Sonda de neutrones hasta 0.40 m de profundidad, 24 h antes y después del riego. La FBN fue estimada con la metodología de N-15. Los resultados indican que el Stress hídrico durante todo el ciclo del cultivo (S2), durante la floración (S4) y durante el llenado de vainas (S5) afectó significativamente la fijación biológica del nitrógeno en el cultivo de fréjol. La restricción de riego durante la fase de crecimiento vegetativo (S3) y la maduración del grano (S6) no redujeron significativamente la fijación biológica de nitrógeno, alcanzando valores del 38%, estadísticamente similares al cultivo con un régimen de riego normal durante todo el ciclo (S1).
The identification of the stages of the cultivation of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in which water deficiency reduces the biological fixation of nitrogen BNF, took place in field trials in a soil Typic Haplustoll, loamy sand of La Tola Experimental Center, Pichincha, Ecuador. The average annual temperature in the location is 15 ºC with a relative humidity of 74%, at an altitude of 2465 meters above the sea level. 123 mm of rainfall were recorded during the period of the experiment (July at November 1995). The moisture regime treatments were as follows: S1 = normal irrigation throughout the cycle, S2 = deficit irrigation throughout the cycle, S3 = water stress during vegetative growth (20-50 days after planting dap), S4 = water stress during flowering (53-81 dap), S5 = water stress during pod filling (82-110 dds), and S6 = water Stress during ripening (111-130 dap). The soil moisture was measured with a neutron probe up to 0.40 m depth, 24 h before and after watering. The BNF was estimated with the methodology of N-15. The results indicate that the water stress during the entire cultivation (S2), during flowering (S4) and during the filling of pods (S5) significantly affected the biological nitrogen fixation in the cultivation of beans. The restriction of watering during the vegetative growth (S3) and the maturation of grain (S6) not significantly reduced biological nitrogen fixation, reaching values of 38%, statistically similar to the cultivation with a normal irrigation throughout the cycle (S1) regime.
The identification of the stages of the cultivation of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in which water deficiency reduces the biological fixation of nitrogen BNF, took place in field trials in a soil Typic Haplustoll, loamy sand of La Tola Experimental Center, Pichincha, Ecuador. The average annual temperature in the location is 15 ºC with a relative humidity of 74%, at an altitude of 2465 meters above the sea level. 123 mm of rainfall were recorded during the period of the experiment (July at November 1995). The moisture regime treatments were as follows: S1 = normal irrigation throughout the cycle, S2 = deficit irrigation throughout the cycle, S3 = water stress during vegetative growth (20-50 days after planting dap), S4 = water stress during flowering (53-81 dap), S5 = water stress during pod filling (82-110 dds), and S6 = water Stress during ripening (111-130 dap). The soil moisture was measured with a neutron probe up to 0.40 m depth, 24 h before and after watering. The BNF was estimated with the methodology of N-15. The results indicate that the water stress during the entire cultivation (S2), during flowering (S4) and during the filling of pods (S5) significantly affected the biological nitrogen fixation in the cultivation of beans. The restriction of watering during the vegetative growth (S3) and the maturation of grain (S6) not significantly reduced biological nitrogen fixation, reaching values of 38%, statistically similar to the cultivation with a normal irrigation throughout the cycle (S1) regime.
Description
Vol. 5, No. 2