ESTUDIO DE LAS DIATOMITAS DE ICA COMO MATERIA PRIMA EN LA FABRICACIÓN DE ÁRIDOS ARTIFICIALES DE ARCILLA PARA SU USO COMO AGREGADOS LIGEROS EN MEZCLAS DE HORMIGÓN DISEÑADOS EN BASE A LAS EXIGENCIAS DE LA NTP Y ASTM
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Abstract
El presente estudio se desarrolló con el fin de reducir el peso unitario del hormigón mediante el empleo de agregado liviano artificial, como reemplazo de los agregados convencionales (piedra y arena de origen natural). La investigación examina el material de diatomita sinterizada a temperaturas superiores a los 1000 °C como propuesta de agregado liviano. Este material presenta un peso unitario aproximado de 60 % del correspondiente a los agregados convencionales. La diatomita que conforma la materia prima para la fabricación de este agregado fue estudiada bajo los mismos estándares de calidad utilizados en agregados convencionales, en cumplimiento de las normas ASTM y NTP. Los resultados obtenidos muestran a los agregados de diatomita cocida con resistencias a compresión promedio de 45 MPa, pesos unitarios de 970 kg/m³ para agregado grueso y 1170 kg/m³ para agregado fino, además de resistencias químicas acorde a las exigencias de la norma ASTM C1260 - 14. En los ensayos de hormigón con agregado de diatomita, se encontraron valores de peso unitario alrededor de 1785 kg/m³, donde se muestra un comportamiento a compresión adecuado para resistencias de diseño f'c de 21 MPa.
The present study was developed in order to reduce the unit weight of concrete through the use of artificial lightweight aggregate, as a replacement for conventional aggregates (stone and sand of natural origin). The investigation examines the sintered diatomite material at temperatures above 1000 °C as a light aggregate proposal. This material has an approximate unit weight of 60 % of corresponding to conventional aggregates. The diatomite that forms the raw material for the manufacture of this aggregate was studied under the same quality standards used in conventional aggregates, in compliance with ASTM and NTP standards. The results obtained show cooked diatomite aggregates with average compressive strengths of 45 MPa, unit weights of 970 kg/m3 for coarse aggregate and 1170 kg/m³ for fine aggregate in addition to chemical resistances according to the requirements of ASTM C1260 - 14. In concrete tests with diatomite aggregate, unit weight values were found around 1785 kg/m³, showing an adequate compression behavior for design resistance f'c of 21 MPa.
The present study was developed in order to reduce the unit weight of concrete through the use of artificial lightweight aggregate, as a replacement for conventional aggregates (stone and sand of natural origin). The investigation examines the sintered diatomite material at temperatures above 1000 °C as a light aggregate proposal. This material has an approximate unit weight of 60 % of corresponding to conventional aggregates. The diatomite that forms the raw material for the manufacture of this aggregate was studied under the same quality standards used in conventional aggregates, in compliance with ASTM and NTP standards. The results obtained show cooked diatomite aggregates with average compressive strengths of 45 MPa, unit weights of 970 kg/m3 for coarse aggregate and 1170 kg/m³ for fine aggregate in addition to chemical resistances according to the requirements of ASTM C1260 - 14. In concrete tests with diatomite aggregate, unit weight values were found around 1785 kg/m³, showing an adequate compression behavior for design resistance f'c of 21 MPa.
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Vol. 20, No. 1