Análisis de la evolución de la mortalidad de la niñez en Bolivia
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Rev. bol. ped.
Abstract
Bolivia ocupa el segundo lugar entre los países con mayores tasas de mortalidad de la infancia y niñez en la región de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. De acuerdo a los informes de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud, se aprecia una reducción sostenida de estas tasas. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar las probables causas relacionadas con esta reducción. El análisis fue realizado sobre la base de un modelo causal desarrollado por el Banco Mundial y las principales fuente de información fueron los reportes de la Encuesta nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDSA). Las condiciones socio-económicas de los habitantes de Bolivia no han mejorado de manera significativa durante los últimos 10 años es más, han empeorado. El elemento que aparenta tener mayor relación con la reducción de las tasas de mortalidad es la sostenibilidad, durante tres gestiones de gobierno, de un sistema de aseguramiento público, el cual incorpora a la estrategia AIEPI como el modelo de atención a la niñez. Otro elemento podría ser la mejora de algunas prácticas clave para el cuidado de los niños y niñas. La continua disminución de la mortalidad de la infancia y niñez dependerá, por una parte, de la adecuación del sistema de salud al proceso de descentralización; mejora de la gestión y continuidad del sistema de aseguramiento público. Por otra parte, es imprescindible la mejora de las condiciones de vida de la población más pobre Será muy dificil que el sector salud, de manera independiente y en un contexto de pobreza, pueda mantener o mejorar uno de los indicadores más sensibles de las condiciones de un país: la mortalidad de los niños y niñas.
Bolivia occupies the second place in the ranking among countries with greater rates of child and infant mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean region. According to the reports of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), a sustained reduction of these rates is appreciated. The purpose of the present article is to analyze the probable causes related to this reduction. The analysis was carried out on the basis of a causal model developed by the World Bank, and the main source of information was the DHS reports. The socio-economic conditions of Bolivians have not significantly improved during the last 10 years; on the contrary, they have got worse. The element that could has greater relation with the mortality rates reduction is the sustainability, during three government periods, of a system of public insurance, which incorporates to the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) as the model of child care. Other element could be the improvement of some key child care practices. The future decrease of the child and infant mortality will depend on the health system capacity to been adapted to the national decentralization process; continuity and increasing improvement of the public health insurance and will be indispensable the quality of life improvement of the poorest Bolivians. It will be very difficult that the health sector, in an independent way and in a poverty context, can maintain or improve one of the most sensitive indicators to the country conditions: the child/infant mortality rate.
Bolivia occupies the second place in the ranking among countries with greater rates of child and infant mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean region. According to the reports of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), a sustained reduction of these rates is appreciated. The purpose of the present article is to analyze the probable causes related to this reduction. The analysis was carried out on the basis of a causal model developed by the World Bank, and the main source of information was the DHS reports. The socio-economic conditions of Bolivians have not significantly improved during the last 10 years; on the contrary, they have got worse. The element that could has greater relation with the mortality rates reduction is the sustainability, during three government periods, of a system of public insurance, which incorporates to the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) as the model of child care. Other element could be the improvement of some key child care practices. The future decrease of the child and infant mortality will depend on the health system capacity to been adapted to the national decentralization process; continuity and increasing improvement of the public health insurance and will be indispensable the quality of life improvement of the poorest Bolivians. It will be very difficult that the health sector, in an independent way and in a poverty context, can maintain or improve one of the most sensitive indicators to the country conditions: the child/infant mortality rate.
Description
Vol. 44, No. 3