Mecanismos celulares más frecuentes del cáncer bucal. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Oral cancer is one of the eight most frequent types of cancer worldwide. This is influenced by various risk which may be physiological, chemical, physical or biological. It is known that the presence of any of these factors leads to a breakdown between antioxidant and oxidant substances, causing a large number of free radicals, called oxidative stress. Objective: To determine the most frequent oral cancer cell mechanisms through a systematic review. Materials and methods: A search was conducted on databases such as Medline through Pubmed, Multidisciplinary databases such as Elsevier via ScienceDirect, Hinari Directory, thesauri as Virtual Health Library; Open access publishers such as SerbiULA, Medigrafic, Hindawi and Google Scholar Academic Search Engine, in English and Spanish. Using mainly the descriptors Risk factors, stress, Mouth neoplasm, P53 tumor suppressor protein, and periodontitis. Results: The neoplasm includes sequential alteration of oncogenes; reactive oxygen species can significantly damage genomic DNA. These damages cause mutations and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of ROS on molecular mechanisms, in addition to the influence of risk factors for the development of this neoplasm. Conclusions: Oxidative stress causes damage at the cellular level, which triggers oral cancer this as a result of several factors such as the consumption of cigarettes, tobacco, alcohol, inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa or pathologies such as HPV.