Evaluación de factores asociados a pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica, municipio Villa Alcalá
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Rev. Cien. Tec. In.
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar los factores asociados a la pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica en el municipio de Villa Alcalá, Chuquisaca. Para ello, se emplearon el método del hilo nylon y clavos de calamina para medir la altura de suelo perdido y el método del cilindro para determinar la densidad aparente. La población está conformada por los suelos de la región, y la muestra por tres puntos de muestreo que presentan variaciones en topografía, textura del suelo, cubierta vegetal y densidad aparente. Para evaluar la pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica se realizó integrando los factores de la ecuación universal de pérdida de suelo (USLE) con la ecuación propuesta por Pizarro et al. (2009), obteniendo así una versión más completa de la ecuación y adaptada al contexto. Los resultados revelaron que el punto de muestreo 1 (PM1) presentó la mayor pérdida de suelo, con 144.8 T/ha, correspondiente a un riesgo muy alto de erosión. Este resultado se atribuye principalmente a la pendiente pronunciada y la ausencia de cobertura vegetal. En el punto 2 (PM2), la pérdida fue de 8.7 T/ha, con un riesgo bajo de erosión, donde la textura aparece como el factor de mayor incidencia. El punto 3 (PM3) registró la menor pérdida, con 4.3 T/ha, asociada a una mayor cubierta vegetal, una textura favorable y una pendiente suave. En conclusión, la pendiente, la textura y la cubierta vegetal son los factores con mayor influencia en la pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica. Palabras claves: Cobertura vegetal, Pendiente del terreno, Longitud de la pendiente, Textura de suelo.
This research evaluates the factors associated with soil loss due to water erosion in the municipality of Villa Alcalá, Chuquisaca. The nylon thread and corrugated iron nail method were used to measure the depth of soil loss, and the cylinder method was used to determine bulk density. The analysis was based on three sampling points that vary in topography, soil texture, vegetation cover, and bulk density. To assess soil loss due to water erosion, the factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were integrated with the equation proposed by Pizarro et al. (2009), resulting in an adapted version suited to the local context. The results revealed that sampling point 1 (PM1) experienced the greatest soil loss, with 144.8 t/ha, corresponding to a very high erosion risk. This result is mainly attributed to the steep slope and the lack of vegetation cover. Point 2 (PM2), presented a loss of 8.7 t/ha, with a low erosion risk. Point 3 (PM3) recorded the lowest loss, at 4.3 t/ha, associated with greater vegetation cover, favorable texture, and gentle slope. In conclusion, slope, texture, and vegetation cover are the most influential factors affecting soil loss caused by water erosion.
This research evaluates the factors associated with soil loss due to water erosion in the municipality of Villa Alcalá, Chuquisaca. The nylon thread and corrugated iron nail method were used to measure the depth of soil loss, and the cylinder method was used to determine bulk density. The analysis was based on three sampling points that vary in topography, soil texture, vegetation cover, and bulk density. To assess soil loss due to water erosion, the factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were integrated with the equation proposed by Pizarro et al. (2009), resulting in an adapted version suited to the local context. The results revealed that sampling point 1 (PM1) experienced the greatest soil loss, with 144.8 t/ha, corresponding to a very high erosion risk. This result is mainly attributed to the steep slope and the lack of vegetation cover. Point 2 (PM2), presented a loss of 8.7 t/ha, with a low erosion risk. Point 3 (PM3) recorded the lowest loss, at 4.3 t/ha, associated with greater vegetation cover, favorable texture, and gentle slope. In conclusion, slope, texture, and vegetation cover are the most influential factors affecting soil loss caused by water erosion.
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Vol. 23, No. 34