Capacidades institucionales municipales para control del Aedes aegypti: Marco conceptual para América Latina
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Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un marco conceptual integrado sobre las capacidades institucionales municipales para el control del Aedes aegypti en América Latina. Se realizó una revisión conceptual sistemática (1998-2025) en bases académicas como PubMed, Scopus y SciELO, utilizando síntesis temática y análisis de contenido dirigido. Se incluyeron 127 estudios relevantes sobre gestión vectorial municipal, descentralización sanitaria y capacidades locales. El análisis identificó cuatro dimensiones clave: técnico-operativa, normativo-regulatoria, organizativo-administrativa y participativo-comunitaria. Además, se propuso una tipología municipal (metropolitanos, intermedios y pequeños) y se definieron cinco factores determinantes del desarrollo de capacidades: descentralización fiscal, coordinación intergubernamental, capacidad técnica local, participación comunitaria y contexto epidemiológico. Se concluye que estas capacidades conforman un sistema complejo que exige enfoques integrales y adaptados al territorio. Se recomienda fortalecer institucionalmente a los municipios mediante estrategias diferenciadas, vigilancia integrada y articulación entre niveles de gobierno para una respuesta efectiva frente a enfermedades transmitidas por vectores.
The objective of this study was to develop an integrated conceptual framework on municipal institutional capacities for controlling Aedes aegypti in Latin America. A systematic conceptual review (1998-2025) was conducted in academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, using thematic synthesis and targeted content analysis. A total of 127 relevant studies on municipal vector management, health decentralization, and local capacities were included. The analysis identified four key dimensions: technical-operational, normative-regulatory, organizational-administrative, and participatory-community. In addition, a municipal typology (metropolitan, intermediate, and small) was proposed, and five determinants of capacity development were defined: fiscal decentralization, intergovernmental coordination, local technical capacity, community participation, and epidemiological context. It was concluded that these capacities form a complex system that requires comprehensive approaches adapted to the territory. It was recommended that municipalities be institutionally strengthened through differentiated strategies, integrated surveillance, and coordination between levels of government for an effective response to vector-borne diseases.
The objective of this study was to develop an integrated conceptual framework on municipal institutional capacities for controlling Aedes aegypti in Latin America. A systematic conceptual review (1998-2025) was conducted in academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, using thematic synthesis and targeted content analysis. A total of 127 relevant studies on municipal vector management, health decentralization, and local capacities were included. The analysis identified four key dimensions: technical-operational, normative-regulatory, organizational-administrative, and participatory-community. In addition, a municipal typology (metropolitan, intermediate, and small) was proposed, and five determinants of capacity development were defined: fiscal decentralization, intergovernmental coordination, local technical capacity, community participation, and epidemiological context. It was concluded that these capacities form a complex system that requires comprehensive approaches adapted to the territory. It was recommended that municipalities be institutionally strengthened through differentiated strategies, integrated surveillance, and coordination between levels of government for an effective response to vector-borne diseases.
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Vol. 5, No. 11