Comparación del rendimiento de diez cultivares de café (Coffea arabica L.) en tres años de producción en la Estación Esperimental de Sapecho, provincia Sud Yungas, departamento de La Paz
Abstract
En Bolivia el departamento de La Paz es el mayor productor de café con 15925 unidades productivas y un rendimiento promedio de 391 kg ha-¹ similar al nacional, comparado con el rendimiento promedio mundial que es de 700 kg ha-¹ resulta ser bajo, esto se atribuye a varios factores, como el material genético existente, avanzada edad de las plantaciones, manejo inadecuado, pérdida de fertilidad en los suelos así como la presencia de plagas y enfermedades. El trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en la Estación Experimental de Sapecho, Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Mayor e San Andrés, en las gestión 2015, 2016 y 2017 incorporando 10 nuevos cultivares de café que son el CEPAC-1, CEPAC-2, CEPAC-3, CEPAC-4, Catuai Rojo, Icatu Precoz, Tupi, Paraíso, Castillo (provenientes del interior y exterior del país) y Catuai Rojo (testigo), las cuales fueron evaluadas bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones y comparación de medias mediante la prueba LSD Fisher. Los rendimientos promedio obtenidos muestran que los cultivares CEPAC-4 y CEPAC-3 respondieron de manera significativa en los tres años de evaluación, obteniendo rendimiento promedio de 1673, 1549 y 1300 kg ha-¹ de café oro, se observó diferencias en el comportamiento productivo de los cultivares en los tres años obteniéndose como promedio general un rendimiento de 584 kg ha-¹ para el 2015, 1574 kg ha-¹ para el 2016 y 1326 kg ha-¹ para el 2017, siendo estadísticamente iguales en las dos últimos años, mientras que el cultivar Catuai Rojo (testigo) presentó 629 kg ha-¹. La prueba de taza indica de los cultivares Catuai Rojo (testigo), Catuai Rojo, Paraíso y Castillo obtuvieron de 84.0 a 85.6 puntos, asimismo este último presentó mayor tamaño de grano exportable de primera con 91.2%.
In Bolivia, the department of La Paz is the largest producer of coffee with 15925 productive units and an average yield of 391 kg ha-¹ similar to the national one, compared to the global average yield which is 700 kg ha-¹, which is low. It is attributed to several factors, such as the existing genetic material, advanced age of the plantations, inadequate management, loss of fertility in soils as well as the presence of pests and diseases. The research work was developed at the Experimental Station of Sapecho, Faculty of Agronomy of the Major San Andres University in 2015, 2016 and 2017 management incorporating 10 new coffee cultivars that are CEPAC-1, CEPAC-2, CEPAC -3, CEPAC-4, Red Catuai, Icatu Precoz, Tupi, Paradise, Castle (from the interior and exterior of the country) and Red Catuai (witness), which were evaluated under a randomized block design with three repetitions and comparison of stockings using the LSD Fisher test. The average yields obtained show that the cultivars CEPAC-4 and CEPAC-3 responded significantly in the three years of evaluation, obtaining average yield of 1673, 1549 and 1300 kg ha-¹ of gold coffee, differences in the productive behavior were observed of the cultivars in the three years, obtaining as a general average a yield of 584 kg ha-¹ for2015, 1574 kg ha-¹ for2016 and 1326 kg ha-¹ for2017, being statistically the same in the last two years, while the Red Catuai cultivar (control) presented 629 kg ha-¹. The cup test indicates of the cultivars Catuai Rojo (control), Catuai Rojo, Paraíso and Castillo obtained from 84.0 to 85.6 points, likewise the latter had a larger exportable grain size with 91.2%.
In Bolivia, the department of La Paz is the largest producer of coffee with 15925 productive units and an average yield of 391 kg ha-¹ similar to the national one, compared to the global average yield which is 700 kg ha-¹, which is low. It is attributed to several factors, such as the existing genetic material, advanced age of the plantations, inadequate management, loss of fertility in soils as well as the presence of pests and diseases. The research work was developed at the Experimental Station of Sapecho, Faculty of Agronomy of the Major San Andres University in 2015, 2016 and 2017 management incorporating 10 new coffee cultivars that are CEPAC-1, CEPAC-2, CEPAC -3, CEPAC-4, Red Catuai, Icatu Precoz, Tupi, Paradise, Castle (from the interior and exterior of the country) and Red Catuai (witness), which were evaluated under a randomized block design with three repetitions and comparison of stockings using the LSD Fisher test. The average yields obtained show that the cultivars CEPAC-4 and CEPAC-3 responded significantly in the three years of evaluation, obtaining average yield of 1673, 1549 and 1300 kg ha-¹ of gold coffee, differences in the productive behavior were observed of the cultivars in the three years, obtaining as a general average a yield of 584 kg ha-¹ for2015, 1574 kg ha-¹ for2016 and 1326 kg ha-¹ for2017, being statistically the same in the last two years, while the Red Catuai cultivar (control) presented 629 kg ha-¹. The cup test indicates of the cultivars Catuai Rojo (control), Catuai Rojo, Paraíso and Castillo obtained from 84.0 to 85.6 points, likewise the latter had a larger exportable grain size with 91.2%.
Description
Vol. 4, No. 2