Frecuencia y determinantes sociodemográficos relacionados con la chikungunya en embarazadas de un hospital distrital, Paraguay, 2024
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Rev. Inv. Inf. Sal.
Abstract
Introducción: El virus Chikungunya se ha convertido en un tema de interés en la salud pública a nivel mundial, con epidemias continuas que han afectado gravemente a naciones tropicales y subtropicales, como Paraguay. Esta enfermedad, que se propaga a través de mosquitos del tipo Aedes, se caracteriza por fiebre y un fuerte dolor en las articulaciones que frecuentemente se vuelve crónico. Si bien puede afectar a cualquier persona, su efecto en mujeres en estado de gestación es especialmente importante debido al riesgo de transmisión a través del embarazo, lo que puede llevar a serias complicaciones para el recién nacido; por lo que el objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia y los factores sociodemográficos asociados a la infección por el virus Chikungunya en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en un hospital distrital de Paraguay durante el año 2024. Material y métodos: Descriptivo, observacional, con componente correlacional, de corte transversal, retrospectivo. Resultados: La chikungunya aparece con más facilidad en las zonas urbanas y en la edad fértil. La transmisión vertical se produjo en el 49.6% de los recién nacidos de madres portadoras de chikungunya y un riesgo de 13.5 de más probabilidades si la gestante adquiere el virus en el último trimestre. Discusión: Se logró describir a las mujeres que tienen chikungunya, reconociéndolas como un grupo de alto riesgo. El estudio evidenció que la transmisión del virus de la madre al recién nacido es una complicación seria, con un riesgo notablemente más alto si la infección se produce en el último trimestre del embarazo.
Introduction: The Chikungunya virus has become a global public health concern, with ongoing epidemics severely affecting tropical and subtropical nations, such as Paraguay. This disease, spread by Aedes mosquitoes, is characterized by fever and severe joint pain that often becomes chronic. While it can affect anyone, its impact on pregnant women is especially significant due to the risk of transmission during pregnancy, which can lead to serious complications for the newborn. Therefore, the objective was to determine the frequency and sociodemographic factors associated with Chikungunya virus infection in pregnant women treated at a district hospital in Paraguay during 2024. Materials and methods: Descriptive, observational, with a correlational component, cross-sectional, retrospective. Results: Chikungunya is more prevalent in urban areas and among women of childbearing age. Vertical transmission occurred in 49.6% of newborns of mothers with chikungunya, with a 13.5 times greater risk if the pregnant woman acquired the virus in the last trimester. Discussion: This study successfully described women with chikungunya, recognizing them as a high-risk group. It demonstrated that mother-to-child transmission of the virus is a serious complication, with a significantly higher risk if the infection occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy.
Introduction: The Chikungunya virus has become a global public health concern, with ongoing epidemics severely affecting tropical and subtropical nations, such as Paraguay. This disease, spread by Aedes mosquitoes, is characterized by fever and severe joint pain that often becomes chronic. While it can affect anyone, its impact on pregnant women is especially significant due to the risk of transmission during pregnancy, which can lead to serious complications for the newborn. Therefore, the objective was to determine the frequency and sociodemographic factors associated with Chikungunya virus infection in pregnant women treated at a district hospital in Paraguay during 2024. Materials and methods: Descriptive, observational, with a correlational component, cross-sectional, retrospective. Results: Chikungunya is more prevalent in urban areas and among women of childbearing age. Vertical transmission occurred in 49.6% of newborns of mothers with chikungunya, with a 13.5 times greater risk if the pregnant woman acquired the virus in the last trimester. Discussion: This study successfully described women with chikungunya, recognizing them as a high-risk group. It demonstrated that mother-to-child transmission of the virus is a serious complication, with a significantly higher risk if the infection occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy.
Description
Vol. 20, No. 49