Comunidad de hongos filamentosos en suelos del Agroecosistema de K'iphak'iphani, Comunidad Choquenaira-Viacha
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J. Selva Andina Res. Soc.
Abstract
Los hongos del suelo desempeñan funciones muy importantes en los ecosistemas y estas poblaciones están muy relacionadas con el tipo de suelo, características climáticas, otros microorganismos y comunidades de plantas. Las actividades del hombre, principalmente la agricultura altera su hábitat y por lo tanto afecta la diversidad de hongos y a sus funciones. Basados en muestras de suelos tomadas en transeptos (50 m) siguiendo la pendiente del terreno en un agroecosistema del altiplano del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, se evaluó el efecto del tipo de uso del suelo (TUS), tipo de vegetación nativa (TVN) y tipo de cultivo (TC) sobre unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC´s), número de especies y parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos, además la diversidad y número de hongos filamentosos fueron relacionados con parámetros físicos y químicos del suelo (pH, textura, materia orgánica), así mismo, los hongos fueron descritos macro y microscópicamente e identificados taxonómicamente. El TUS, TVN y TC influyeron diferentemente sobre el pH, textura y % MO del suelo. El TUS y TC afectaron significativamente las UFC´s y número de especies. UFC´s fueron altas en cultivos de papa y número de especies en Trifolium sp., 44 especies fueron asiladas predominando géneros de Penicillium y Alternaría. Las relaciones entre UFC´s con MO fueron no significativas y débiles (r² = 32.1, p > 0.05), con pH significativas y relación positiva fuerte (r² = 47.7, p < 0.05) y con textura no significativa y sin relación (r² = 8.6, p > 0.05). Los resultados sugieren que el tipo de uso de suelo afecta a las propiedades del suelo, diversidad de plantas y comunidad de hongos. Adicionalmente se necesita investigar otros parámetros que influyen en la comunidad microbiana en el agroecosistema.
Soil fungi play important roles in ecosystems and these populations are closely related to soil type, climatic characteristics, other microorganisms and plant communities. People's activities, mainly agriculture alter their habitat and therefore affect fungi diversity and functions on soil. The effects of soil use type (TUS), native vegetation type (TVN) and crop type (TC) on colony forming units (CFU), number of species and physical, chemical and biological parameters was assessments in the present work in Plurinational State of Bolivian´s highland agroecosystem. In addition, the diversity and number of filamentous fungi were related to physical and chemical soil parameters (pH, texture, organic matter), The fungi were described macro- and microscopically and were taxonomically identified. The TUS, TVN and TC influenced differently on the pH, soil texture and soil organic matter (SOM). The TUS and TC significantly affected the CFU´s and number of species. CFU´s were high in crop potato and number of species in Trifolium sp., 44 species were isolated, predominating genera of Penicillium and Alternaria. The relationships between SOM were non-significant and weak (r2 = 32.1, p> 0.05), pH, significant and strong positive relation (r2 = 47.7, p <0.05) and soil texture vs CFU´s no significant and unrelated (r2 = 8.6, p> 0.05). The results suggest that the soil use type affect in soil properties, plant diversity and community fungi. Additionally, it is necessary to investigate other parameters that influence the microbial community in the agroecosystem.
Soil fungi play important roles in ecosystems and these populations are closely related to soil type, climatic characteristics, other microorganisms and plant communities. People's activities, mainly agriculture alter their habitat and therefore affect fungi diversity and functions on soil. The effects of soil use type (TUS), native vegetation type (TVN) and crop type (TC) on colony forming units (CFU), number of species and physical, chemical and biological parameters was assessments in the present work in Plurinational State of Bolivian´s highland agroecosystem. In addition, the diversity and number of filamentous fungi were related to physical and chemical soil parameters (pH, texture, organic matter), The fungi were described macro- and microscopically and were taxonomically identified. The TUS, TVN and TC influenced differently on the pH, soil texture and soil organic matter (SOM). The TUS and TC significantly affected the CFU´s and number of species. CFU´s were high in crop potato and number of species in Trifolium sp., 44 species were isolated, predominating genera of Penicillium and Alternaria. The relationships between SOM were non-significant and weak (r2 = 32.1, p> 0.05), pH, significant and strong positive relation (r2 = 47.7, p <0.05) and soil texture vs CFU´s no significant and unrelated (r2 = 8.6, p> 0.05). The results suggest that the soil use type affect in soil properties, plant diversity and community fungi. Additionally, it is necessary to investigate other parameters that influence the microbial community in the agroecosystem.
Description
Vol. 8, No. 1