Economía circular en minería - caso de estudio: producción minera de Concentrados de Pb-Ag-Zn en Bolivia
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REV. MAMYM
Abstract
En el contexto de la economía circular, las empresas mineras deberán desarrollar sus procesos extractivos no sólo precautelando los efectos de impacto negativo al medio ambiente que generan cada una de las operaciones unitarias del proceso extractivo; sino que también, creando soluciones innovadoras que permitan disminuir los consumos de agua y energía; pero además, tratando que los residuos generados sean reutilizados en el cierre de la operación minera; permitiendo así, un claro beneficio económico, social y ambiental para la industria minera. En ese contexto, el presente trabajo de investigación, presenta una propuesta circunscrita en la explotación minera de complejos de Pb-Ag-Zn, bajo el modelo de economía circular que permite, mediante un manejo integral tanto de los residuos mineros generados en la etapa de explotación, como de los residuos orgánicos y aguas residuales generadas en los campamentos mineros, así como el uso de los suelos del sector minero, no sólo disminuir los consumos de agua y energía en la operación, sino disminuir los costos vinculados al cierre ambiental de los sitios finales de disposición de desmontes y de relaves generados en la operación minera. La propuesta aborda en una primera etapa, la separación selectiva de los desmontes generados en la explotación a cielo abierto en base a sus posibilidades de generación de drenaje ácido de roca; además, en una segunda etapa, la desulfurización de las colas del proceso de flotación por espirales, a objeto de que el producto no sulfurado de éste proceso, sea utilizado como cobertura seca, previo deslame, en el cierre tanto del sitio de disposición de relaves como el de desmontes; además, de ser utilizado también para la conformación de top soil artificial, junto con el compost generado a partir de la materia orgánica de los residuos del comedor del campamento minero y de los lodos del proceso de tratamiento de las aguas residuales tratadas. Así mismo, el uso de las aguas residuales tratadas para la etapa de flotación de minerales.
In the context of the circular economy, mining companies must develop their extractive processes not only protecting the effects of negative impact on the environment generated by each of the unit operations of the extractive process; but also, creating innovative solutions that allow reducing the consumption of water and energy; but also, trying that the waste generated be reused in the closing of the mining operation; thus allowing a clear economic, social and environmental benefit for the mining industry. In this context, the present research work presents a limited proposal in the mining exploitation of Pb-Ag-Zn complexes, under the circular economy model that allows, through an integral management of both the mining waste generated in the stage of exploitation, as well as the organic waste and wastewater generated in the mining camps. as well as the use of the soils of the mining sector, not only to reduce the consumption of water and energy in the operation, but to decrease the costs related to the environmental closure of the final disposal sites for tailings and tailings generated in the mining operation. The proposal deals in a first stage, the selective separation of the clearings generated in the open-pit exploitation based on its possibilities of generation of acid rock drainage; in addition, in a second stage, the desulfurization of the tailings of the flotation process by spirals, in order that the non-sulfurized product of this process, be used as a dry cover, after deslame, in the closure of both the tailings disposal site like the one of despetes; in addition, of being used also for the conformation of artificial top soil, together with the compost generated from the organic matter of the residues of the dining room of the mining camp and the sludge of the treatment process of the treated residual waters. Likewise, the use of treated wastewater for the flotation stage of minerals.
In the context of the circular economy, mining companies must develop their extractive processes not only protecting the effects of negative impact on the environment generated by each of the unit operations of the extractive process; but also, creating innovative solutions that allow reducing the consumption of water and energy; but also, trying that the waste generated be reused in the closing of the mining operation; thus allowing a clear economic, social and environmental benefit for the mining industry. In this context, the present research work presents a limited proposal in the mining exploitation of Pb-Ag-Zn complexes, under the circular economy model that allows, through an integral management of both the mining waste generated in the stage of exploitation, as well as the organic waste and wastewater generated in the mining camps. as well as the use of the soils of the mining sector, not only to reduce the consumption of water and energy in the operation, but to decrease the costs related to the environmental closure of the final disposal sites for tailings and tailings generated in the mining operation. The proposal deals in a first stage, the selective separation of the clearings generated in the open-pit exploitation based on its possibilities of generation of acid rock drainage; in addition, in a second stage, the desulfurization of the tailings of the flotation process by spirals, in order that the non-sulfurized product of this process, be used as a dry cover, after deslame, in the closure of both the tailings disposal site like the one of despetes; in addition, of being used also for the conformation of artificial top soil, together with the compost generated from the organic matter of the residues of the dining room of the mining camp and the sludge of the treatment process of the treated residual waters. Likewise, the use of treated wastewater for the flotation stage of minerals.
Description
Vol. 4, No. 1