Mitigación del drenaje ácido mediante interacción agua-caliza en el pasivo ambiental mina escuela Pompería, Puno Perú
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
La mina escuela Pompería, ubicada en Puno, Perú, es considerada un pasivo ambiental por el Ministerio de Energía y Minas debido a operaciones mineras realizadas entre 1950 y 1970, que dejaron desmonteras, mineral y labores sin proceso de cierre. Actualmente, se observa un efluente de agua ácida que emerge desde el interior de la mina hacia la superficie, recorriendo 25 metros por una cuneta empedrada con roca caliza. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la mitigación del drenaje ácido mediante la interacción agua-caliza en dicho pasivo ambiental. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo no experimental y diseño descriptivo transversal. Se realizaron mediciones in situ utilizando el equipo Multiparámetro HANNA HI 9899 y el Espectrofotómetro de Emisión Atómica por Plasma Microondas 4210 MP-AES, aplicando digestión multiácida. Las muestras fueron analizadas en el Laboratorio de Monitoreo Ambiental de la Facultad de Ingeniería de Minas de la UNA Puno. Los resultados evidenciaron un incremento del pH de 6,36 a 10,75, indicando una transición de condiciones ácidas a alcalinas. En cuanto a metales, el mercurio aumentó de 4,33 a 6,67 ppm, mientras que el cadmio se redujo de 10,33 a 6,67 ppm, el plomo de 203,33 a 65,00 ppm y el cromo de 7,00 a 3,33 ppm. Se concluye que la interacción agua-caliza tiene un efecto positivo en la mitigación del drenaje ácido, aunque los valores de metales pesados aún superan los límites establecidos por los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para aguas categoría 3.
The Pompería School Mine, located in Puno, Peru, is classified as an environmental liability by the Ministry of Energy and Mines due to mining operations conducted between 1950 and 1970. These activities left behind waste rock dumps, ore, and underground workings without undergoing a formal mine closure process. Currently, an acidic water effluent emerges from the mine interior to the surface, flowing through a 25-meter limestone-lined channel. This study aimed to evaluate the mitigation process of acid drainage through water-limestone interaction at the Pompería School Mine environmental liability site. The research followed a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive design. In situ measurements were conducted using the HANNA HI 9899 multiparameter device and the 4210 MP-AES Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer, applying a multi-acid digestion protocol. Water samples were analyzed at the Environmental Monitoring Laboratory of the Mining Engineering Faculty at UNA Puno. Results showed an increase in pH from 6.36 to 10.75, indicating a shift from acidic to alkaline conditions. Mercury concentrations rose from 4.33 to 6.67 ppm, while cadmium decreased from 10.33 to 6.67 ppm, lead from 203.33 to 65.00 ppm, and chromium from 7.00 to 3.33 ppm. It is concluded that the water-limestone interaction has a positive effect on acid drainage mitigation. However, heavy metal concentrations remain above the permissible limits established by the Environmental Quality Standards (ECA) for Category 3 water.
The Pompería School Mine, located in Puno, Peru, is classified as an environmental liability by the Ministry of Energy and Mines due to mining operations conducted between 1950 and 1970. These activities left behind waste rock dumps, ore, and underground workings without undergoing a formal mine closure process. Currently, an acidic water effluent emerges from the mine interior to the surface, flowing through a 25-meter limestone-lined channel. This study aimed to evaluate the mitigation process of acid drainage through water-limestone interaction at the Pompería School Mine environmental liability site. The research followed a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive design. In situ measurements were conducted using the HANNA HI 9899 multiparameter device and the 4210 MP-AES Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer, applying a multi-acid digestion protocol. Water samples were analyzed at the Environmental Monitoring Laboratory of the Mining Engineering Faculty at UNA Puno. Results showed an increase in pH from 6.36 to 10.75, indicating a shift from acidic to alkaline conditions. Mercury concentrations rose from 4.33 to 6.67 ppm, while cadmium decreased from 10.33 to 6.67 ppm, lead from 203.33 to 65.00 ppm, and chromium from 7.00 to 3.33 ppm. It is concluded that the water-limestone interaction has a positive effect on acid drainage mitigation. However, heavy metal concentrations remain above the permissible limits established by the Environmental Quality Standards (ECA) for Category 3 water.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 27