Efecto de Trichoderma harzianum en portainjertos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en fase inicial de vivero, una alternativa ecológica para mejora del cacao boliviano

Abstract

Cocoa, a crop of importance for Bolivia, whose production exhibits different problems in the nursery phase, such as growth problems and disease attacks. An alternative is the use of Trichoderma harzianum. Thus, this study proposed to evaluate the effect of different doses (0, 80, 100 and 120 %) with 2 types of rootstocks: Bolivian national cocoa and foreign cocoa. A fully randomized two-factor design was used, with 8 treatments and 3 replicates. The application of T. harzianum was carried out in 2 stages, the first 15 days before planting in a double dose for establishment and the second every 15 days after planting. For plant height at 105 days, highly significant differences were obtained for the 2 factors with an average of 41.14 cm, in foreign cocoa and Bolivian national cocoa with 35.68 cm with the dose of 120 %, which compared to the controls significantly increased their height. For stem diameter, there were also highly significant differences with an average of 6.98 mm, for foreign cocoa and Bolivian national cocoa with 6.57 mm in the 120 % dose, while for the number of leaves, highly significant results were obtained onlyafter 105 days (120 % dose). It is concluded that the application of T. harzianum at the 120 % dose promotes the growth of Bolivian national cocoa seedlings, which is characterized by requiring a longer period of development in the nursery, compared to foreign cocoa.