Integrando métodos de evaluación de riesgos de deslizamientos e inundaciones en cuencas del Tunari y zona de Alto Cochabamba
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
El estudio enfatizó una evaluación de riesgos en dos cuencas piloto de la cordillera del Tunari (K'hora en Tiquipaya y Kaquerama en Sacaba) y en la zona de Alto Cochabamba. Se utilizaron tres métodos integrales: i) Evaluación participativa (cualitativa y cuantitativa) de riesgo, ii) Mapeo de vulnerabilidades de deslizamientos con SIG y iii) Corrida de modelos hidrológicos e hidrodinámicos bidimensionales para simulación de inundaciones. Existe un alto grado de riesgo de incendios forestales y mazamorras; riesgo medio de inundaciones y deslizamientos, con elementos vulnerables altamente expuestos (urbanizaciones) en las torrenteras de ambas cuencas y en la zona de Alto Cochabamba. Se evidencia una falta de mantenimiento de obras estructurales de reducción de riesgos y muy baja implementación de nuevas obras. Las simulaciones muestran que hay un amplio rango de inundación principalmente en la parte media y baja de la cuenca afectando poblaciones establecidas, servicios básicos y medios de vida en general.
The study emphasized a risk assessment in two pilot basins in the Tunari mountain range (K'hora in Tiquipaya and Kaquerama in Sacaba) and in the Alto Cochabamba area. Three comprehensive methods were used: i) Participatory evaluation (qualitative and quantitative) of risk, ii) Mapping of landslide vulnerabilities with GIS and iii) Run of two-dimensional hydrological and hydrodynamic models for flood simulation. There is a high degree of risk of forest fires and mazamorras; medium risk of floods and landslides, with highly exposed vulnerable elements (urbanizations) in the streams of both basins and in the Alto Cochabamba area. There is evidence of a lack of maintenance of structural works to reduce risks and very low implementation of new works. The simulations show that there is a wide range of flooding mainly in the middle and lower part of the basin affecting established populations, basic services and livelihoods in general.
The study emphasized a risk assessment in two pilot basins in the Tunari mountain range (K'hora in Tiquipaya and Kaquerama in Sacaba) and in the Alto Cochabamba area. Three comprehensive methods were used: i) Participatory evaluation (qualitative and quantitative) of risk, ii) Mapping of landslide vulnerabilities with GIS and iii) Run of two-dimensional hydrological and hydrodynamic models for flood simulation. There is a high degree of risk of forest fires and mazamorras; medium risk of floods and landslides, with highly exposed vulnerable elements (urbanizations) in the streams of both basins and in the Alto Cochabamba area. There is evidence of a lack of maintenance of structural works to reduce risks and very low implementation of new works. The simulations show that there is a wide range of flooding mainly in the middle and lower part of the basin affecting established populations, basic services and livelihoods in general.
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Vol. 10, No. 1