Caracterización de residuos sólidos domiciliarios en la localidad de Yotala, Chuquisaca, Bolivia
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Rev. Cien. Tec. In.
Abstract
Debido al desconocimiento de la composición y cantidad de los residuos domiciliarios en la localidad de Yotala, en el estudio se planteó Caracterizar en forma cualitativa y cuantitativa los residuos sólidos domiciliarios que se generan en el botadero de Jatun Era. La muestra, se calculó según zonas por familias, San Roque (N=133) y Santa Ana (N=198), entregando una bolsa para sus residuos, empleando la técnica del cuarteo. La producción per-cápita de residuos sólidos domiciliarios fue de 0.42 Kilogramo/ habitante/día, de una población de 3.300 habitantes, alcanzando una producción en toneladas por día de 1,39, por mes de 41,70 y por año 500,40. Se clasificaron de acuerdo a sus características: Residuos alimenticios u orgánicos, áridos, sanitarios, pañales desechables y toallas sanitarias, plástico pet, cartón, polietileno de alta densidad, vidrio transparente, polietileno de baja densidad, plástico rígido y otros. La densidad de los residuos generados, alcanzó un promedio de 213,63 Kg/m3, teniendo bastantes residuos biodegradables (57,24%) pudiendo ser aprovechados, seguidos por Reciclables (23,06%) que pueden tener aprovechamiento, y los que deben llegar a un sitio para su disposición final o No Aprovechables (19,70%). Se concluye que: Las características de residuos sólidos domiciliarios del municipio de Yotala, permitirán el desarrollo de estrategias de gestión de residuos sólidos. La generación de residuos sólidos no sobrepasa las 2 t/día; sin embargo, la fracción orgánica resultante es de 1 t/día, siendo suficiente para la implementación de una planta de producción de abono orgánico, con características operativas manuales, con una capacidad de aprovechamiento orgánico de residuos sólidos de 162 t/año.
Due to the lack of knowledge of the composition and quantity of household waste in the town of Yotala, the study proposed, Qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the household solid waste generated by the Jatun Era dump. The sample was calculated y Santa Ana (N=198), delivering a bag for their waste, using the quartering technique. The Percapita production of household solid waste is 0.42 Kg/Inhabitant/day, from a population of 3,300 inhabitants, reaching a production in tons per day of 1.39, per month of 41.70 and per year 500.40. They were classified according to their characteristics: Food or organic waste, Arid, Sanitary, Disposable diapers and Sanitary towels, Pet Plastic, Cardboard, High density polyethylene, Transparent glass, Low density polyethylene, Rigid Plastic and others. The density of the waste generated reached an average of 213.63 Kg/m3, having quite a lot of Biodegradable waste (57.24%) that can be used, followed by Recyclables (23.06%) that can be used, and those that must be used. reach a site for final disposal or Not Usable (19.70%). We conclude that: The characteristics of household solid waste in the municipality of Yotala will allow the development of solid waste management strategies. The generation of solid waste does not exceed 2 t/ day; however, the resulting organic fraction is 1 t/ day, being sufficient for the implementation of an organic fertilizer production plant, with manual operating characteristics, with a capacity for organic use of solid waste of 162 t/year.
Due to the lack of knowledge of the composition and quantity of household waste in the town of Yotala, the study proposed, Qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the household solid waste generated by the Jatun Era dump. The sample was calculated y Santa Ana (N=198), delivering a bag for their waste, using the quartering technique. The Percapita production of household solid waste is 0.42 Kg/Inhabitant/day, from a population of 3,300 inhabitants, reaching a production in tons per day of 1.39, per month of 41.70 and per year 500.40. They were classified according to their characteristics: Food or organic waste, Arid, Sanitary, Disposable diapers and Sanitary towels, Pet Plastic, Cardboard, High density polyethylene, Transparent glass, Low density polyethylene, Rigid Plastic and others. The density of the waste generated reached an average of 213.63 Kg/m3, having quite a lot of Biodegradable waste (57.24%) that can be used, followed by Recyclables (23.06%) that can be used, and those that must be used. reach a site for final disposal or Not Usable (19.70%). We conclude that: The characteristics of household solid waste in the municipality of Yotala will allow the development of solid waste management strategies. The generation of solid waste does not exceed 2 t/ day; however, the resulting organic fraction is 1 t/ day, being sufficient for the implementation of an organic fertilizer production plant, with manual operating characteristics, with a capacity for organic use of solid waste of 162 t/year.
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Vol. 23, No. 33