EL ABORDAJE CLÍNICO DE PERSONAS DIAGNOSTICADAS CON TRASTORNO LÍMITE DE LA PERSONALIDAD: UNA EXPLORACIÓN DE LAS ESCUELAS COGNITIVO-CONDUCTUAL, GESTALT, POSRACIONALISMO Y PSICOANÁLISIS
Abstract
El diagnóstico del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad ha ido en incremento en los últimos años, junto con ello, desde la psicología clínica se han diversificado, las formas de abordaje y tratamiento. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cómo entienden y abordan el Trastorno Límite de Personalidad psicólogos chilenos desde su respectiva formación y línea de abordaje desde las escuelas Cognitivo-Conductual, Gestalt, Psicoanálisis y Posracionalismo. Para esto se plantearon dos preguntas de investigación: ¿Cómo entienden el Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad los psicólogos de estas escuelas? Y ¿Cómo abordan el Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad los psicólogos mencionados? Para responder a estas preguntas se aplicó un tipo de entrevista semiestructurada a una muestra de 10 Psicólogos, los cuales tienen especialización en las escuelas mencionadas. Para dar cuenta de los resultados se utilizó un análisis por categorías, un análisis de contenidos y el Software NVIVO propio de metodologías cualitativas. Entre los principales resultados encontramos desde las cuatro escuelas diferencias teórico-practicas a la hora de entender y abordar el trastorno de personalidad límite, sin embargo, coinciden en desviarse de la visión entregada por el DSM-V, concibiéndolo como un manual psiquiátrico que inscribe y restringe al individuo, las orientaciones suscitan la comprensión del individuo orientado en primera instancia a verlo en su totalidad y subjetividad, dentro de la cual exhiben un funcionamiento particular. Además, el avance del proceso en psicoterapia se consigue estableciendo un vínculo terapeuta-paciente capaz de sostener la conducta desbordante característica de estos, asimismo, predomina el uso de técnicas, sin embargo, a pesar de coincidir en esto, cada escuela posee diversas técnicas características de sus enfoques.
The diagnosis of the Personality Limit Disorder has been increasing in recent years, along with it, from the clinical psychology have diversified, the forms of approach and treatment. The objective of this research is to analyze how Chilean psychologists understand and deal with the Personality Disorder from their respective formation and line of approach from the Cognitive-Behavioral, Gestalt, Psychoanalysis and Posrationalism schools. For this, two research questions were asked: How do the psychologists of these schools understand the Limit of Personality Disorder? And how do the mentioned psychologists approach the Limit of Personality Disorder? To answer these questions, a type of semi-structured interview was applied to a sample of 10 Psychologists, who have specialization in the mentioned schools. To account for the results, an analysis by categories, an analysis of contents and the NVIVO Software own of qualitative methodologies were used. Among the main results found from the four schools theoretical-practical differences in understanding and addressing the borderline personality disorder, however, coincide in deviating from the vision delivered by the DSM-V, conceiving it as a psychiatric manual that inscribes and restricts the individual, the orientations arouse the understanding of the individual oriented in the first instance to see it in its totality and subjectivity, within which they exhibit a particular functioning. In addition, the progress of the process in psychotherapy is achieved by establishing a therapist-patient link able to sustain the overflowing behavior characteristic of these, likewise, the use of techniques predominates, however, despite agreeing on this, each school has several characteristic techniques of its approaches.
The diagnosis of the Personality Limit Disorder has been increasing in recent years, along with it, from the clinical psychology have diversified, the forms of approach and treatment. The objective of this research is to analyze how Chilean psychologists understand and deal with the Personality Disorder from their respective formation and line of approach from the Cognitive-Behavioral, Gestalt, Psychoanalysis and Posrationalism schools. For this, two research questions were asked: How do the psychologists of these schools understand the Limit of Personality Disorder? And how do the mentioned psychologists approach the Limit of Personality Disorder? To answer these questions, a type of semi-structured interview was applied to a sample of 10 Psychologists, who have specialization in the mentioned schools. To account for the results, an analysis by categories, an analysis of contents and the NVIVO Software own of qualitative methodologies were used. Among the main results found from the four schools theoretical-practical differences in understanding and addressing the borderline personality disorder, however, coincide in deviating from the vision delivered by the DSM-V, conceiving it as a psychiatric manual that inscribes and restricts the individual, the orientations arouse the understanding of the individual oriented in the first instance to see it in its totality and subjectivity, within which they exhibit a particular functioning. In addition, the progress of the process in psychotherapy is achieved by establishing a therapist-patient link able to sustain the overflowing behavior characteristic of these, likewise, the use of techniques predominates, however, despite agreeing on this, each school has several characteristic techniques of its approaches.
Description
Vol. 17, No. 2