Modelando patrones geográficos de distribución de gramíneas (Poaceae) en Bolivia: Implicaciones para su conservación
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Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
Mediante la revisión de catálogos, especímenes herborizados e información disponible en línea se compiló una base de datos compuesta por 5.748 registros para 599 especies de gramíneas nativas de Bolivia (media de registros por especie ± desviación estándar, 9 ± 11.3), que representan el 71% del total de 840 especies reportadas. Usando el algoritmo Maxent se modeló la distribución potencial de cada especie. Para el caso de aquellas especies donde el Maxent no produjo resultados consistentes se aplicó una metodología alterna basada en el conocimiento de especialistas del grupo. En ambos casos, se generaron mapas de consenso sobre la distribución geográfica de cada especie. Los mapas individuales fueron agrupados para identificar patrones de distribución geográfica para cada subfamilia (Aristidoideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae y Pooideae) y centros de riqueza de especies para la familia en conjunto. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de cuatro centros de riqueza asociados con los valles secos interandinos (1) y la puna mesofítica (2), ambos ubicados en la región andina tropical y la Chiquitanía (3) y la llanura beniano-amazónica (4), ubicados en la región brasileño-paranense. El análisis de intensidad de protección (representatividad de al menos el 17% de cada centro de riqueza detectado en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SNAP), de acuerdo con las metas de Aichi propuestas por la Secretaria del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CDB), mostró que tres de los cuatro de los centros de riqueza detectados (valles secos interandinos, la llanura beniana-amazónica y la Chiquitanía) se encuentran sub representados.
Through the review of catalogs, herbarium specimens and information available online, we compiled a database consisting of 5,748 records from 594 species of native grasses of Bolivia (mean ± standard deviation, 9 ± 11.3), which represent the 71% of total recorded species to Bolivia). Using the algorithm Maxent, the potential distribution of each species was modeled. For those species where the Maxent produced unreliable results, an alternative methodology based on specialist knowledge was applied. In both cases, maps of consensus about the geographical distribution of each species were generated. The individual maps were jointed in order to identify geographical patterns of distribution for each subfamily (Aristidoideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae and Pooideae), as well as also centers of richness for the family. The results showed the existence of four richness centers associated with the dry valleys and the mesophytic puna (tropical Andean region) and the Chiquitania and the Beni savannas (Brazilian-Paranense region). The analysis of protection intensity (representativeness of at least 17% of the centers of richness identified in the National Protected Areas System, SNAP, according to the Aichi targets suggested by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity), showed that three of the four centers of richness found (inter dry Valleys, the Beni savannas and Chiquitania) are underrepresented.
Through the review of catalogs, herbarium specimens and information available online, we compiled a database consisting of 5,748 records from 594 species of native grasses of Bolivia (mean ± standard deviation, 9 ± 11.3), which represent the 71% of total recorded species to Bolivia). Using the algorithm Maxent, the potential distribution of each species was modeled. For those species where the Maxent produced unreliable results, an alternative methodology based on specialist knowledge was applied. In both cases, maps of consensus about the geographical distribution of each species were generated. The individual maps were jointed in order to identify geographical patterns of distribution for each subfamily (Aristidoideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae and Pooideae), as well as also centers of richness for the family. The results showed the existence of four richness centers associated with the dry valleys and the mesophytic puna (tropical Andean region) and the Chiquitania and the Beni savannas (Brazilian-Paranense region). The analysis of protection intensity (representativeness of at least 17% of the centers of richness identified in the National Protected Areas System, SNAP, according to the Aichi targets suggested by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity), showed that three of the four centers of richness found (inter dry Valleys, the Beni savannas and Chiquitania) are underrepresented.
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Vol. 49, No. 1