Tipos de bosque, diversidad y composición florística en la Amazonia sudoeste de Bolivia
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
La Amazonía sudoeste es una de las áreas poco estudiadas. La diversidad de tipos de bosque y especies y su composición florística es poco conocida en la Amazonia boliviana. El objetivo de este estudio fue definir los principales tipos de bosque basados en su composición florística y abundancia de las especies, además de comparar con otros sitios circundantes. Para ello se muestrearon 30 parcelas de 1 ha en el departamento de Pando, Bolivia, donde se cuantificaron especies, número de individuos, diámetro, altura de árboles, posición de copa e infestación de lianas o bejucos, para árboles ≥ 10 cm de diámetro. También se tomaron variables ambientales tales como fisiografía, drenaje, pendiente, tipo de suelo y profundidad de suelo. En base a los análisis de componentes principales se agruparon cinco tipos de bosque: bosque alto de tierra firme, bosque alto del Escudo Precámbrico, isla de bosque, bosque de várzea y bosque de igapó. El bosque alto de tierra firme está en la mayor superficie de toda el área de muestreo, además que tiene una amplia variación florística. La mayoría de los bosques tuvo alrededor de 40 familias, excepto el bosque de igapo (26). Las Moraceae, Palmae y Leguminosae fueron las familias más abundantes en casi todos los tipos de bosque. El bosque alto de tierra firme (101) y del Escudo Precámbrico (113) fueron los sitios con mayor riqueza florística. Mayores índices de diversidad fueron obtenidos en las islas de bosque y bosques de tierra firme. La abundancia de individuos fue similar entre los tipos de bosque (promedio =593). Este estudio demuestra la alta riqueza de especies que tienen algunos tipos de bosque todavía poco fragmentados, los cuales deberían ser considerados para su conservación y manejo.
The forest types, species richness, and floristic composition of the southwestern Amazon are poorly known. The objective of this study was to define the main forest types based on floristic composition and species abundance, and to compare these characteristics with surrounding areas. We sampled 30 1 ha plots in the department of Pando, Bolivia by identifying species, and quantifying the number of individuals, tree height, crown position, and liana infestation for trees ≥ 10 cm diameter. We also measured environmental variables including fisiography, slope, drainage, soil type and soil deepth. Based on principal component analyses we defined five forest types: terra firme high forest, precambrian shield tall forest, forest island, igapo forest, and varzea forest. The terra firme tall forest covered the majority of the area we sampled (~60%) and was extremely variable. Most of the forest types contained around 40 plant families, except the igapo forest (26). Moraceae, Palmae, and Leguminosae were the most abundant families in almost all forest types. The terra firme high forest (101) and precambrian shield tall forest (113) had the greatest species richness. An island of forest and terra firme forest had the greater diversity index. Individual abundance was similar between forest types (average = 593 individuals). This study shows the high species richness of some forest types that still remain unfragmented. The uniqueness of these forest types should be recognized and targeted for conservation and management.
The forest types, species richness, and floristic composition of the southwestern Amazon are poorly known. The objective of this study was to define the main forest types based on floristic composition and species abundance, and to compare these characteristics with surrounding areas. We sampled 30 1 ha plots in the department of Pando, Bolivia by identifying species, and quantifying the number of individuals, tree height, crown position, and liana infestation for trees ≥ 10 cm diameter. We also measured environmental variables including fisiography, slope, drainage, soil type and soil deepth. Based on principal component analyses we defined five forest types: terra firme high forest, precambrian shield tall forest, forest island, igapo forest, and varzea forest. The terra firme tall forest covered the majority of the area we sampled (~60%) and was extremely variable. Most of the forest types contained around 40 plant families, except the igapo forest (26). Moraceae, Palmae, and Leguminosae were the most abundant families in almost all forest types. The terra firme high forest (101) and precambrian shield tall forest (113) had the greatest species richness. An island of forest and terra firme forest had the greater diversity index. Individual abundance was similar between forest types (average = 593 individuals). This study shows the high species richness of some forest types that still remain unfragmented. The uniqueness of these forest types should be recognized and targeted for conservation and management.
Description
Vol. 41, No. 2