BRECHAS SALARIALES NO EXPLICADAS POR GÉNERO EN LOS SECTORES TRANSABLES Y NO TRANSABLES: EVIDENCIA TRANSVERSAL PARA BOLIVIA
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Abstract
El presente documento analiza la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres en los sectores transables y no transables. El sector transable se define por el valor de las exportaciones e importaciones en una industria con base en los códigos de cuatro dígitos de la Clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme de todas las actividades económicas. A partir de los planteamientos de Gary Becker, en una economía con propensión a la discriminación hacia las mujeres, el documento propone un modelo a partir del cual la discriminación es posible si las empresas generan beneficios supra normales. Estos beneficios estarán determinados por el poder de mercado, que a su vez depende del número de empresas que participan en la industria, es así que bajo el supuesto de que los sectores transables se ven directamente influenciados por el comercio internacional y con la posibilidad de mayor competencia, esta competencia generará una tendencia hacia beneficios normales, imposibilitando financiar la discriminación hacia las mujeres, por lo que las diferencias salariales por género deberían ser menores en los sectores transables que los no transables. Utilizando la descomposición tradicional de Oaxaca-Blinder y la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder con Regresiones de Funciones de Influencia Recentrada (RIF) para la Encuesta de Hogares del 2013, los resultados muestran que las diferencias salariales no explicadas contra las mujeres son significativamente menores en el sector transable, sugiriendo que el impacto del comercio internacional sobre el sector transable ayuda a disminuir las brechas salariales por género en Bolivia.
This document analyzes the gender wage gap between in tradable and non-tradable sectors. The tradable sector is defined by the value of exports and imports in an industry based on the four-digit codes of the International Standard Industrial Classification. Based on Gary Becker's work, in an economy prone to discrimination against women, the document proposes a model from which discrimination is possible if companies generate supra-normal profits. These benefits will be determined by market power, which in turn depends on the number of companies participating in the industry, so under the assumption that tradable sectors are directly influenced by international trade and with the possibility of greater competition, this competition will generate a trend towards normal benefits, making it impossible to finance discrimination against women, so the wage gender gap should be lower in tradable than non-tradable sectors. Using the traditional Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regressions for the 2013 Household Survey, we find that unexplained wage differences against women are significantly lower in the tradable sector, suggesting that the impact of international trade on the tradable sector helps to reduce the gender wage gap in Bolivia.
This document analyzes the gender wage gap between in tradable and non-tradable sectors. The tradable sector is defined by the value of exports and imports in an industry based on the four-digit codes of the International Standard Industrial Classification. Based on Gary Becker's work, in an economy prone to discrimination against women, the document proposes a model from which discrimination is possible if companies generate supra-normal profits. These benefits will be determined by market power, which in turn depends on the number of companies participating in the industry, so under the assumption that tradable sectors are directly influenced by international trade and with the possibility of greater competition, this competition will generate a trend towards normal benefits, making it impossible to finance discrimination against women, so the wage gender gap should be lower in tradable than non-tradable sectors. Using the traditional Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regressions for the 2013 Household Survey, we find that unexplained wage differences against women are significantly lower in the tradable sector, suggesting that the impact of international trade on the tradable sector helps to reduce the gender wage gap in Bolivia.
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Vol. 20, No. 2