Presencia de la discapacidad intelectual en la familia, afrontamiento de las madres
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Fides Et Ratio
Abstract
Tener un hijo con discapacidad tiene un impacto en la familia. Desde una perspectiva sistémica, la forma en que la familia responda a este impacto influirá a su vez en la discapacidad. Esta investigación analiza la percepción de afrontamiento de 111 madres ecuatorianas de niños con discapacidad intelectual, algunos de ellos con trastornos asociados, cuyas edades oscilaban entre 3 meses y 5 años 8 meses. Se evaluaron variables familiares, el apoyo social y las estrategias de afrontamiento individual. Dentro de las variables familiares se aplicaron las versiones españolas de la escala de Satisfacción Familiar y FACES II-20 para evaluar la cohesión y la adaptabilidad familiar (Equipo EIF, 2011). Además, se desarrollaron escalas para medir el acuerdo en temas como la economía o las relaciones dentro y fuera de la familia. Se utilizaron las subescalas de apoyo familiar y extra-familiar del Cuestionario de percepción social (Molina, Nunes, y Vallejo, 2012). Las estrategias de afrontamiento se midieron con el test de Afrontamiento de Moss (1993), adaptado al español. Los análisis indicaron que las variables más relevantes para afrontar la discapacidad de un hijo fueron las variables familiares (acuerdos y cohesión) más que las individuales o extrafamiliares. Estos datos apuntan a la importancia de considerar las variables familiares a la hora de planificar intervenciones en el ámbito de la discapacidad intelectual infantil.
Having a child with disabilities has an impact in the family. From a systemic perspective, the way the family answers to this impact will also influence the child's disability. This study analyzes 111 Ecuatorian mothers' perceived coping whose children had an intellectual disability, some of whom had also other impairments. The children's ages ranged from 3 months to 5 years and 8 months. We evaluated family variables, social support and individual coping strategies. For family variables, we used the Spanish version of the Family Satisfaction Scale and FACES II-20 to measure family cohesion and adaptability (Equipo EIF, 2011). We also developed subscales to measure parental agreement about money and about relationships inside and outside the family. In order to measure family support and extra-family support, we usedtwo subscales from the Cuestionario de percepción social (Molina, Nunes, y Vallejo, 2012). Individual coping strategies were measured using the Spanish version of Moss' Coping Scale (1993). Analyses showed that family variables (agreements and cohesion) were more relevant to explain mothers' perceived coping than individual or extra-family variables. These data stress the importance of taking into account family variables when planning interventions for children's intellectual disabilities.
Having a child with disabilities has an impact in the family. From a systemic perspective, the way the family answers to this impact will also influence the child's disability. This study analyzes 111 Ecuatorian mothers' perceived coping whose children had an intellectual disability, some of whom had also other impairments. The children's ages ranged from 3 months to 5 years and 8 months. We evaluated family variables, social support and individual coping strategies. For family variables, we used the Spanish version of the Family Satisfaction Scale and FACES II-20 to measure family cohesion and adaptability (Equipo EIF, 2011). We also developed subscales to measure parental agreement about money and about relationships inside and outside the family. In order to measure family support and extra-family support, we usedtwo subscales from the Cuestionario de percepción social (Molina, Nunes, y Vallejo, 2012). Individual coping strategies were measured using the Spanish version of Moss' Coping Scale (1993). Analyses showed that family variables (agreements and cohesion) were more relevant to explain mothers' perceived coping than individual or extra-family variables. These data stress the importance of taking into account family variables when planning interventions for children's intellectual disabilities.
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Vol. 14, No. 14