Aplicación de SIG en análisis de NDVI para cultivos de cacao con precisión geográfica
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
El cacao es un cultivo tradicional y estratégico en la costa ecuatoriana, conocido por su diversidad genética y su importancia económica para el país. En este contexto, el presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de analizar la cobertura vegetal y su evolución en los cantones Milagro, Vinces y Naranjal de la costa ecuatoriana, durante el período 2020 a 2023. La investigación se enfocó en el cultivo de cacao, evaluando su potencial y las condiciones ambientales para su desarrollo. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo, utilizando el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) como herramienta principal. Se analizaron imágenes satelitales de los años, 2020, 2021, 2022 y 2023 obtenidas de la plataforma USGS Earth Explorer. La información se procesó y analizó en el software ArcMap para generar mapas de NDVI y cuantificar la cobertura vegetal en diferentes categorías. Los resultados del estudio revelan una tendencia positiva en la cobertura vegetal de los cuatro cantones analizados, con un aumento gradual de las áreas con alta densidad vegetal (NDVI > 0.40) entre 2020 y 2023. Esta tendencia se asocia a la reforestación, recuperación de áreas degradadas y prácticas de manejo sostenible del suelo. Se concluye que el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y el análisis del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental para el monitoreo y la gestión efectiva de los cultivos de cacao.
Cacao is a traditional and strategic crop in the Ecuadorian coast, known for its genetic diversity and economic importance for the country. In this context, the present study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the vegetation cover and its evolution in the cantons of Milagro, Vinces, and Naranjal on the Ecuadorian coast, during the period from 2020 to 2023. The research focused on cacao cultivation, evaluating its potential and environmental conditions for its development. A quantitative and descriptive approach was employed, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as the main tool. Satellite images from the years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 were analyzed, obtained from the USGS Earth Explorer platform. The information was processed and analyzed using ArcMap software to generate NDVI maps and quantify vegetation cover in different categories. The study results reveal a positive trend in vegetation cover in the four analyzed cantons, with a gradual increase in areas with high vegetation density (NDVI > 0.40) between 2020 and 2023. This trend is associated with reforestation, recovery of degraded areas, and sustainable soil management practices. It is concluded that the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has become a fundamental tool for the effective monitoring and management of cacao crops.
Cacao is a traditional and strategic crop in the Ecuadorian coast, known for its genetic diversity and economic importance for the country. In this context, the present study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the vegetation cover and its evolution in the cantons of Milagro, Vinces, and Naranjal on the Ecuadorian coast, during the period from 2020 to 2023. The research focused on cacao cultivation, evaluating its potential and environmental conditions for its development. A quantitative and descriptive approach was employed, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as the main tool. Satellite images from the years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 were analyzed, obtained from the USGS Earth Explorer platform. The information was processed and analyzed using ArcMap software to generate NDVI maps and quantify vegetation cover in different categories. The study results reveal a positive trend in vegetation cover in the four analyzed cantons, with a gradual increase in areas with high vegetation density (NDVI > 0.40) between 2020 and 2023. This trend is associated with reforestation, recovery of degraded areas, and sustainable soil management practices. It is concluded that the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has become a fundamental tool for the effective monitoring and management of cacao crops.
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Vol. 9, No. 26