Incremento del rendimiento y calidad de grano en germoplasma mejorado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) del INIAP, en el año 2020
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
RESUMEN: El trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) es uno de los cereales más utilizados por las familias ecuatorianas, con una producción nacional del 1% de la demanda. El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - INIAP, tiene como objetivo generar germoplasma de alto rendimiento y calidad industrial. En el año 2020 en la Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, en parcelas de 3.6 m2 se evaluaron en campo 580 líneas de trigo seleccionadas durante el 2019 de introducciones provenientes del CIMMYT y de cruzas locales. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las líneas introducidas alcanzaron un incremento en el rendimiento del 6% en comparación a los testigos mejorados (7,14 t ha-1), entre tanto que, las líneas de cruzas nacionales obtuvieron un incremento del 13,3%. Para la calidad de grano, peso hectolítrico, se observó que las líneas introducidas presentan menores valores de calidad (71,05 kg hl-1) en comparación con los testigos (71,87 kg hl-1); mientras que las líneas de cruzas nacionales presentaron un incremento del 2,4%. Denotando, que los programas de mejoramiento pueden obtener germoplasma con mejores características al realizar sus propios cruzamientos empleando materiales locales y mejor adaptados.
ABSTRACT: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely used cereals by Ecuadorian families, with a national production of 1% of demand. The National Institute of Agricultural and Livestock Researches - INIAP, have the objective of generate germplasm of high yield and industrial quality. In 2020 at the Santa Catalina Experimental Station, 580 wheat lines selected during 2019 from introductions from CIMMYT and local crosses were tested on plots of 3.6 m2. The results obtained shown that the lines introduced achieved an increase in yield of 6% compared to the local improved checks (7.14 t ha-1), while the national cross lines obtained an increase of 13.3%. For grain quality, hectolitric weight, it was observed that the lines introduced have lower quality values (71.05 kg hl-1) compared to the control (71.87 kg hl-1); while national cross lines showed an increase of 2.4%. Denoting, that breeding programs can obtain germplasm with better characteristics by making their own crossings using local and better adapted materials.
ABSTRACT: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely used cereals by Ecuadorian families, with a national production of 1% of demand. The National Institute of Agricultural and Livestock Researches - INIAP, have the objective of generate germplasm of high yield and industrial quality. In 2020 at the Santa Catalina Experimental Station, 580 wheat lines selected during 2019 from introductions from CIMMYT and local crosses were tested on plots of 3.6 m2. The results obtained shown that the lines introduced achieved an increase in yield of 6% compared to the local improved checks (7.14 t ha-1), while the national cross lines obtained an increase of 13.3%. For grain quality, hectolitric weight, it was observed that the lines introduced have lower quality values (71.05 kg hl-1) compared to the control (71.87 kg hl-1); while national cross lines showed an increase of 2.4%. Denoting, that breeding programs can obtain germplasm with better characteristics by making their own crossings using local and better adapted materials.
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Vol. 5, No. 14