Influence of Lipstick Application on the Attractiveness of Smile in Women With and Without Malocclusions: An Eye‐Tracking Study

Abstract

Malocclusion significantly impacts visual attention and attractiveness perception, with the mouth being the primary focus. While lipstick influences attention dispersion, it does not shift the main focus from the mouth. Heat map analysis confirmed that the mouth area remains the primary focus across all images, regardless of lipstick use.