DETERMINANTES DE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD TOTAL DE FACTORES EN AMÉRICA DEL SUR
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Este estudio identifica los determinantes de la Productividad Total de Factores (PTF) de América del Sur haciendo uso de técnicas econométricas de datos panel con la aproximación de diversos indicadores económicos, institucionales, tecnológicos y sociales. Entre los principales resultados se destacan la fuerte contribución a la PTF de los términos de intercambio, el ahorro, la apertura externa, el salario real, la inversión extranjera. En cuanto al capital humano presentan efectos positivos, pero de magnitud reducida, expresándose en la baja formación y capacitación de los trabajadores. Los entornos institucional y tecnológico, reportan efectos positivos de magnitud reducida. La volatilidad de los términos de intercambio, la informalidad, la desigualdad, la fertilidad, reportan efectos negativos de magnitudes altas. Por país se identifica que las economías que incrementaron sus dotaciones de capital humano y fortalecimiento del entorno institucional, aumentaron su productividad eficientemente, por el contrario, las economías que no presentaron mejoras en dichas áreas fueron rezagando su productividad. En una retrospección histórica 1976 a 2015, la contribución de la PTF al crecimiento económico regional fue marcado preeminentemente por el comportamiento de los términos de intercambio.
This study identifies the determinants of the Total Productivity of Factors (PTF) of South América using panel data econometric techniques with the approximation of various economic, institutional, technological and social indicators. Among the main results are the strong contribution to the PTF of the terms of trade, savings, external opening, real wages, foreign investment. As for human capital, they have positive effects, but of reduced magnitude, expressing themselves in the low education and training of workers. The institutional and technological environments report positive effects of reduced magnitude. The volatility of the terms of trade, informality, inequality, fertility, report negative effects of high magnitudes. By country, it is identified that the economies that increased their endowments of human capital and strengthening the institutional environment, increased their productivity efficiently, on the contrary, the economies that did not show improvements in these areas were lagging their productivity. In a historical retrospection from 1976 to 2015, the contribution of the PTF to regional economic growth was preeminently marked by the behavior of the terms of trade.
This study identifies the determinants of the Total Productivity of Factors (PTF) of South América using panel data econometric techniques with the approximation of various economic, institutional, technological and social indicators. Among the main results are the strong contribution to the PTF of the terms of trade, savings, external opening, real wages, foreign investment. As for human capital, they have positive effects, but of reduced magnitude, expressing themselves in the low education and training of workers. The institutional and technological environments report positive effects of reduced magnitude. The volatility of the terms of trade, informality, inequality, fertility, report negative effects of high magnitudes. By country, it is identified that the economies that increased their endowments of human capital and strengthening the institutional environment, increased their productivity efficiently, on the contrary, the economies that did not show improvements in these areas were lagging their productivity. In a historical retrospection from 1976 to 2015, the contribution of the PTF to regional economic growth was preeminently marked by the behavior of the terms of trade.
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Vol. 19, No. 2