ESTUDIO DEL RUIDO GENERADO POR LA MAQUINARIA DE CONSTRUCCIÓN EN INFRAESTRUCTURA VIAL URBANA
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Abstract
El ruido generado durante el proceso constructivo de las infraestructuras viales urbanas es uno de los problemas ambientales que inciden negativamente en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores y de la población aledaña. Este estudio tiene el propósito de analizar los diferentes niveles de presión sonora generados por la maquinaria de construcción en vías urbanas con pavimento rígido. Los niveles de ruido monitoreados han sido realizados al equipo mecánico pesado y liviano en proceso de operación. Los resultados globales indican rangos de niveles de presión sonora que van desde 69.6 dBA a 98.4 dBA, siendo los equipos mecánicos livianos los más influyentes con dosis que exceden el 100%. La etapa más ruidosa es la del corte de concreto en pavimento que presenta un nivel de presión sonora de 89.12 dBA en la tarea con dosis que excede en más del 100%, en las demás tareas no hay excedencia de los valores críticos estipulados para una jornada laboral de 8 horas de trabajo; sin embargo, influyen en la población adyacente debido a que exceden los 60 dBA para zona residencial en horario diurno. En conclusión, el equipo mecánico utilizado en la construcción de vías de concreto emite niveles de presión sonora superiores a los límites permisibles incidiendo en la población y trabajadores, recomendándose el uso de protectores auditivos de un nivel mínimo NRR 19 dB para operadores de equipo mecánico pesado y NRR 35 dB para equipos livianos.
The noise generated during the construction process of urban road infrastructures is one of the environmental problems that negatively affects the quality of life of workers and the surrounding population. The purpose of this study is to analyze the different levels of sound pressure generated by construction machinery on urban roads with rigid pavement. Monitored noise levels have been made to heavy and light mechanical equipment in operation. The global results indicate ranges of sound pressure levels that go from 69.6 dBA to 98.4 dBA, with light mechanical equipment being the most influential with doses exceeding 100%. The noisiest stage is that of cutting concrete on the pavement, which presents a sound pressure level of 89.12 dBA in the task with a dose that exceeds more than 100%, in the other tasks there is no exceedance of the critical values stipulated for a day 8 hours of work; however, they influence the adjacent population because they exceed 60 dBA for residential areas during daytime hours. In conclusion, the mechanical equipment used in the construction of concrete roads emits sound pressure levels higher than the permissible limits, affecting the population and workers, recommending the use of hearing protectors with a minimum level of NRR 19 dB for operators of heavy mechanical equipment and NRR 35 dB for light equipment.
The noise generated during the construction process of urban road infrastructures is one of the environmental problems that negatively affects the quality of life of workers and the surrounding population. The purpose of this study is to analyze the different levels of sound pressure generated by construction machinery on urban roads with rigid pavement. Monitored noise levels have been made to heavy and light mechanical equipment in operation. The global results indicate ranges of sound pressure levels that go from 69.6 dBA to 98.4 dBA, with light mechanical equipment being the most influential with doses exceeding 100%. The noisiest stage is that of cutting concrete on the pavement, which presents a sound pressure level of 89.12 dBA in the task with a dose that exceeds more than 100%, in the other tasks there is no exceedance of the critical values stipulated for a day 8 hours of work; however, they influence the adjacent population because they exceed 60 dBA for residential areas during daytime hours. In conclusion, the mechanical equipment used in the construction of concrete roads emits sound pressure levels higher than the permissible limits, affecting the population and workers, recommending the use of hearing protectors with a minimum level of NRR 19 dB for operators of heavy mechanical equipment and NRR 35 dB for light equipment.
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Vol. 21, No. 1