Vulnerabilidad de deforestación del bosque de los Yungas del Cotacajes (Noroeste del departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia)
Abstract
Decidir en qué áreas de bosque se debe intervenir para evitar la deforestación requiere analizar múltiples criterios de manera objetiva. En este estudio se aplicó el procesamiento analítico jerárquico en sistemas de información geográfica para determinar a través de un modelo lineal ponderado la vulnerabilidad de áreas de bosque a la deforestación y así ayudar a decidir estrategias de conservación del bosque de la zona norte del municipio de Independencia Cochabamba. El modelo incluye criterios biofísicos que limitan o facilitan la presencia de bosque como: la pendiente, la altitud sobre el nivel del mar y la distancia a fuentes de agua; así mismo, factores antrópicos como la distancia del bosque a pueblos, distancia a caminos y densidad de familias usuarias del bosque en cada comunidad. En este modelo el factor antrópico tuvo más peso que las limitantes biofísicas; entre las variables antrópicas la de mayor peso fue la densidad poblacional de las comunidades y entre las limitantes biofísicas, la pendiente y la altitud sobre el nivel del mar. En la zona existen 19.675 ha de bosque nativo, el 95% del bosque (18.810 hectáreas) tiene menos de 60% de vulnerabilidad a deforestación, 797 hectáreas tiene alta vulnerabilidad y 67 has muy alta. En el mapa se identificaron los sectores de bosque y comunidades donde se debe tomar medidas para evitar la deforestación. Aplicar esta herramienta para tomar decisiones objetivas ayuda a definir áreas invertir para evitar la deforestación, ya que muchas decisiones se toman intuitivamente por desconocimiento de métodos.
Take decisions to define vulnerable forest areas to deforestation need an analysis of multiple criteria to be objective. This study applied the Hierarchical Analytic Process method integrated in a geographic information system to estimate the deforestation vulnerability across of a lineal model with weight on variables. Thus, I could help to take decisions for the conservation of native forest in the north of the Independencia municipality (Cochabamba, Bolivia). I considered in the model constrain and facilitate criteria biophysics and anthropogenic for the deforestation. Inside the biophysics were slop, altitude and distance from forest to source of water for irrigate and inside the anthropogenics were the distance from forest to communities, distance from ways to forest, and quantity of families inside each community. In the building model the antropic criteria has more weight than the criteria biophysics. Inside the antropic factors the variable with more weight was quantity of families per community; on the other hand, inside bio-physic factors the variables more weights were the slop and altitude. The area has 19,675 hectares of native forest. A great portion of the forest (18,810 hectares) has less that 60% of vulnerability (categories of very low, low and moderate), 797 hectares has high vulnerability and 67 hectares very high vulnerability. The map elaborated shows the zones and communities where take actions to avoid the deforestation is necessary. I recommended apply this tool to take decisions objectively and define what areas should have more financial resource to avoid the deforestation, since the most of the decisions are take intuitively for unknown of methods.
Take decisions to define vulnerable forest areas to deforestation need an analysis of multiple criteria to be objective. This study applied the Hierarchical Analytic Process method integrated in a geographic information system to estimate the deforestation vulnerability across of a lineal model with weight on variables. Thus, I could help to take decisions for the conservation of native forest in the north of the Independencia municipality (Cochabamba, Bolivia). I considered in the model constrain and facilitate criteria biophysics and anthropogenic for the deforestation. Inside the biophysics were slop, altitude and distance from forest to source of water for irrigate and inside the anthropogenics were the distance from forest to communities, distance from ways to forest, and quantity of families inside each community. In the building model the antropic criteria has more weight than the criteria biophysics. Inside the antropic factors the variable with more weight was quantity of families per community; on the other hand, inside bio-physic factors the variables more weights were the slop and altitude. The area has 19,675 hectares of native forest. A great portion of the forest (18,810 hectares) has less that 60% of vulnerability (categories of very low, low and moderate), 797 hectares has high vulnerability and 67 hectares very high vulnerability. The map elaborated shows the zones and communities where take actions to avoid the deforestation is necessary. I recommended apply this tool to take decisions objectively and define what areas should have more financial resource to avoid the deforestation, since the most of the decisions are take intuitively for unknown of methods.
Description
Vol. 6, No. 3