Efecto de la edad de corte y la época del año sobre el rendimiento y calidad de Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Staff en Yucatán, México
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J.Selva Andina Anim. Sci.
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la tasa de crecimiento, rendimiento, y calidad (composición química y proporción hoja y tallo) de Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Staff a ocho edades (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8 semanas) y tres épocas (secas, lluvias y nortes). Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas dividas completamente al azar en pastizal de B. brizantha de aproximadamente 8 años de edad, donde la parcela principal fue la época y la sub-parcela la edad. Se encontró que, el rendimiento, la tasa de crecimiento y proporción de hoja fueron diferentes entre épocas, edad e interacción época por edad (P<0.05). El mayor rendimiento y tasa de crecimiento fue de 3.78 t MS ha-1 y 121.6 kg MS ha-1 día-1 registrados en la época de lluvias a 8 semanas, mientras que, el menor rendimiento y tasa de crecimiento fue: 0.02 t MS ha-1 y 2.28 kg MS ha-1 día-1, en la época de nortes a una semana. La proporción de hojas disminuyó de 81, 90 y 91% para la primera semana hasta 77, 63, 76% a la octava semana para la época seca, lluvia y nortes respectivamente. Conforme avanzó la edad de B. brizantha, el contenido de PC se reduce y el contenido de fibra se incrementa en todas las épocas. Sin embargo, en las épocas de secas y de nortes, la PC se mantuvo arriba del 7 % en todas las edades de corte en comparación con la época de lluvias en la cual la PC es menor al 7% a partir de la sexta semana. Se concluye que conforme avanza la edad de B. brizantha el rendimiento de forraje se incrementa mientras que su calidad se reduce en las tres épocas evaluadas.
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of eight cutting intervals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks) and three seasons (i.e. dry, rainy and late-rainy seasons) on Brachiaria brizantha growth rate, forage yield and chemical composition. Treatments were arranged as a split plots within a completely randomized design on an eight-year old B. brizantha pasture. It was found that, forage yield, growth rate and leaf proportion were affected (P<0.05) by season, cutting interval and their interaction. The greater yield and the highest growth rate, 3.78 t DM ha-1 and 121.6 kg DM ha-1 day-1, were registered in the rainy season at the eight-weeks cutting interval. The lowest forage yield and growth rate, 0.02 t DM ha-1 and 2.28 kg DM ha-1 day-1, were recorded at one-week cutting interval in the late-rainy season. The extreme values of leaf percentage, 81, 77 and 90, and 63, 91 and 76, were found at one-week and eight-week cutting intervals for the dry, rainy and late-rainy seasons, respectively. In the rainy season, crude protein (CP) was reduced 0.96% per week starting from the five-week cutting interval. However, in the dry and late-rainy seasons, CP was maintained above 7 % at all cutting intervals. Nevertheless, contents of CP were reduced and fibre increased at the longest cutting intervals, except the lignin content which was not affected neither by the cutting intervals nor the season evaluated.
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of eight cutting intervals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks) and three seasons (i.e. dry, rainy and late-rainy seasons) on Brachiaria brizantha growth rate, forage yield and chemical composition. Treatments were arranged as a split plots within a completely randomized design on an eight-year old B. brizantha pasture. It was found that, forage yield, growth rate and leaf proportion were affected (P<0.05) by season, cutting interval and their interaction. The greater yield and the highest growth rate, 3.78 t DM ha-1 and 121.6 kg DM ha-1 day-1, were registered in the rainy season at the eight-weeks cutting interval. The lowest forage yield and growth rate, 0.02 t DM ha-1 and 2.28 kg DM ha-1 day-1, were recorded at one-week cutting interval in the late-rainy season. The extreme values of leaf percentage, 81, 77 and 90, and 63, 91 and 76, were found at one-week and eight-week cutting intervals for the dry, rainy and late-rainy seasons, respectively. In the rainy season, crude protein (CP) was reduced 0.96% per week starting from the five-week cutting interval. However, in the dry and late-rainy seasons, CP was maintained above 7 % at all cutting intervals. Nevertheless, contents of CP were reduced and fibre increased at the longest cutting intervals, except the lignin content which was not affected neither by the cutting intervals nor the season evaluated.
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Vol. 4, No. 2