Efectos de la mediterraneidad sobre la inflación de costos. Una aproximación con econometría espacial
Abstract
La literatura sobre geografía económica establece que el comercio exterior es un factor determinante para el desarrollo económico, que y éste a su vez está determinado por su posición geográfica. En este documento se quiere analizar cuán importantes son los costos y el tiempo de transporte de mercancías para dinamizar el comercio de bienes y servicios al resto del mundo y su efecto en las economías mediterráneas, y si la dependencia espacial juega un rol importante. Para responder a las preguntas se plantea un modelo de corte transversal con dependencia espacial para todos los países mediterráneos y no mediterráneos del mundo. Se encuentra que la condición de mediterraneidad incrementa los precios domésticos a través del encarecimiento del costo de las importaciones, y que éste se constituye en el principal perjuicio para un país mediterráneo. Este efecto se retroalimenta en la medida que más países mediterráneos compiten por los mismos accesos marítimos. La mayor apertura comercial favorece más a las exportaciones de los países con acceso al mar, generándose efectos de derramamiento (spillover effects) reflejados en una aparente concentración geográfica de mayores PIB per cápita, pero con mayor desigualdad del ingreso.
The literature about geographic economics establishes that international trade is a determinant factor for economic development and this is determined by its geographic position. This paper wants to analyze how important are the freight transport costs and time in order to activate the trade of goods and services to the rest of the world and is there an effect on the landlockedness economies, and does the spatial dependence play an important role. In order to answer these questions it is developed a model with spatial dependence for all the landlockedness and non-landlockedness countries in the world. It is found that landlockedness increases domestic prices through the increase of import costs and this is the main damage to landlockedness countries, this effect is higher when more landlockedness countries are competing for the same maritime access. The greater commercial opening favors more to the exports of the countries with access to the sea generate spillover effects reflected in an apparent geographic concentration of higher GDP per capita, but with greater income inequality.
The literature about geographic economics establishes that international trade is a determinant factor for economic development and this is determined by its geographic position. This paper wants to analyze how important are the freight transport costs and time in order to activate the trade of goods and services to the rest of the world and is there an effect on the landlockedness economies, and does the spatial dependence play an important role. In order to answer these questions it is developed a model with spatial dependence for all the landlockedness and non-landlockedness countries in the world. It is found that landlockedness increases domestic prices through the increase of import costs and this is the main damage to landlockedness countries, this effect is higher when more landlockedness countries are competing for the same maritime access. The greater commercial opening favors more to the exports of the countries with access to the sea generate spillover effects reflected in an apparent geographic concentration of higher GDP per capita, but with greater income inequality.
Description
No. 31