Efecto del hidrolizado de residuos de pescado en el cultivo de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sativa) en Tacna, Perú
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Abstract
La lechuga (Lactuca sativa) es una hortaliza ampliamente cultivada y consumida a nivel global debido a su rápido crecimiento y alto valor nutricional, sin embargo, su producción intensiva ha llevado a una dependencia excesiva de fertilizantes sintéticos. Ante esto, los bioestimulantes, especialmente los derivados de residuos orgánicos como los hidrolizados de pescado, han emergido como una alternativa sostenible. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto del hidrolizado de residuos de pescado como bioestimulante en el cultivo de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sativa, variedad Green Span) en Tacna, Perú. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorizado (DBCA) con cuatro tratamientos (200, 400, 600 y 800 L ha⁻¹) y tres repeticiones. El rendimiento se midió en función del peso unitario de las plantas, analizado mediante ANOVA y prueba de Tukey (p < 0.05). Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento con 600 L ha⁻¹ alcanzó el mayor rendimiento (300.26 g por planta), evidenciando un efecto positivo en la acumulación de biomasa. No obstante, el tratamiento con 800 L ha⁻¹ no mostró mejoras adicionales y sugirió posibles efectos negativos por saturación de nutrientes. Un análisis de regresión demostró que la dosis óptima para maximizar el rendimiento unitario es de 670.74 L ha⁻¹, con un peso proyectado de 306.61 g por planta. Aunque no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el rendimiento total por hectárea entre tratamientos, se evidenció una mayor uniformidad de producción en dosis intermedias. El estudio concluye que el hidrolizado de pescado es una herramienta prometedora para mejorar la productividad de la lechuga en condiciones adversas, aunque su efectividad depende de más factores de estudio.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a widely cultivated and consumed vegetable globally due to its rapid growth and high nutritional value. However, intensive production has led to an excessive reliance on synthetic fertilizers. In response, biostimulants, particularly those derived from organic waste such as fish hydrolysates, have emerged as a sustainable alternative. This study evaluated the effect of fish waste hydrolysate as a biostimulant on curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Green Span variety) cultivation in Tacna, Peru. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was implemented with four treatments (200, 400, 600, and 800 L ha⁻¹) and three replicates. Yield was assessed based on individual plant weight, analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the 600 L ha⁻¹ treatment achieved the highest yield (300.26 g per plant), demonstrating a positive effect on biomass accumulation. However, the 800 L ha⁻¹ treatment did not yield additional improvements and suggested potential negative effects due to nutrient saturation. A regression analysis determined that the optimal dose for maximizing individual plant yield was 670.74 L ha⁻¹, with a projected weight of 306.61 g per plant. Nevertheless, no significant differences in total yield per hectare were observed among treatments, indicating that while the hydrolysate enhances individual plant growth, it does not necessarily increase overall production. The study concludes that fish hydrolysate is a promising tool for improving lettuce productivity under challenging conditions, though its effectiveness depends on additional influencing factors.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a widely cultivated and consumed vegetable globally due to its rapid growth and high nutritional value. However, intensive production has led to an excessive reliance on synthetic fertilizers. In response, biostimulants, particularly those derived from organic waste such as fish hydrolysates, have emerged as a sustainable alternative. This study evaluated the effect of fish waste hydrolysate as a biostimulant on curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Green Span variety) cultivation in Tacna, Peru. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was implemented with four treatments (200, 400, 600, and 800 L ha⁻¹) and three replicates. Yield was assessed based on individual plant weight, analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the 600 L ha⁻¹ treatment achieved the highest yield (300.26 g per plant), demonstrating a positive effect on biomass accumulation. However, the 800 L ha⁻¹ treatment did not yield additional improvements and suggested potential negative effects due to nutrient saturation. A regression analysis determined that the optimal dose for maximizing individual plant yield was 670.74 L ha⁻¹, with a projected weight of 306.61 g per plant. Nevertheless, no significant differences in total yield per hectare were observed among treatments, indicating that while the hydrolysate enhances individual plant growth, it does not necessarily increase overall production. The study concludes that fish hydrolysate is a promising tool for improving lettuce productivity under challenging conditions, though its effectiveness depends on additional influencing factors.
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Vol. 12, No. 1