Paradigmas del sistema agropecuario en tiempos del COVID-19

Abstract

Until the end of the 20 th century, world agriculture underwent a transition towards a new technological paradigm, very different from that of the green revolution, based on the current "bio" revolutions, in which human beings have transformed biodiversity by placing it at their service 1 . In this context, the agriculture of the XXI century begins to live a new revolution, broader, deeper than the previous ones: an organizational revolution, of knowledge management and convergences between the different technologies. We live in a world with increasingly scarce resources, not only due to extraction, use but also due to the contamination and destruction of different ecosystems in the environment 1 . Thus, the food industry, in general, seeks to adapt its reality, aspects such as the supply chain, the value chain, and consumer preferences, with possible entrepreneurial opportunities 2 . As of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has definitely taken the world by surprise, be it due to the speed of expansion, the high rate of morbidity and mortality, or other health factors Determining that all countries are vulnerable, mainly to suffer food insecurity 4 , particularly those in development 1 . On the other hand, the rural productive projects try to maintain themselves, but without economic development 5 . This complicated health period brings with it not only a health crisis but also a social one, which requires a change in the economic model 1 . Causing a decrease in economic activity, a fall in prices of primary products, the interruption of global value chains 6 , which represent potentially catastrophic financial, ecological, and social impacts 7 . Being somewhat clear, that all analysts agree "the world will not be the same as before the pandemic" 3 , that is, we live and will live in a world full of uncertainties. The agricultural sector in Bolivia, as in many countries, is a strategic sector for its economy, it provides basic products for food, raw materials, and inputs for the transformation of food products, likewise, some products through exports generate foreign exchange 8 . However, it faces various environmental threats and in recent years, biological threats, which have caused economic damage to agricultural production, specifically during the 2019-2020 agricultural cycle, agro-productive systems were indirectly affected by conflicts post-election social (November -December 2019) and the Covid-19 8 health crisis,