Soporte nutricional en pacientes pediátricos críticamente enfermos, Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, 2017 Nutritional support in critically ill pediatric patients. Autonomous Institute University Hospital of The Andes, 2017

Abstract

Los pacientes pediatricos criticos tienen mayor susceptibilidad a la desnutricion durante su estancia intrahospitalaria, en periodos cortos de ayuno o de insuficiente aporte nutricional que provocan deterioro nutricional y alteraciones en el crecimiento a corto y largo plazo. Objetivo: Analizar el soporte nutricional en pacientes pediatricos criticamente enfermos del Hospital Universitario de Los Andes Merida-Venezuela, 2017.Metodologia:enfoque cuantitativo, tipo analitico, diseno no experimental de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 53 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Especiales (UCEP) y en la Unidad de Cuidados Criticos Pediatricos (UCIP). Resultados: 52,8% femenino, edad 3,91 ± 4,97 anos, 60,4% en el grupo de lactantes. 52,8% dias de hospitalizacion de 1 a 7 dias. Diagnostico medico de ingreso: 26,4% por enfermedades gastrointestinales. 43,4% bajo la norma en el diagnostico de crecimiento por talla. 94,3% de los pacientes tenian un soporte nutricional enteral; 86,8% no cumplio con el soporte nutricional indicado. En el soporte nutricional por medio de la prueba t de Student de muestras independientes se observa que en grasas se encontraron diferencias estadisticas (p=,003) y en carbohidratos (p= <,0,01). Se obtuvo deficiente adecuacion nutricional de requerimiento calorico total (47,2%), proteinas (32,1%), grasas (39,6%) y carbohidratos (56,6%). Conclusiones: Se determino un porcentaje moderado de pacientes que se encontraban bajo la norma en el diagnostico nutricional por peso, diagnostico nutricional por talla y de crecimiento por talla; los pacientes tenian en un alto porcentaje soporte nutricional enteral y un bajo cumplimiento del tratamiento nutricional indicado; se observo deficiente adecuacion nutricional. Critical pediatric patients are more susceptible to malnutrition during their hospital stay, during short periods of fasting or insufficient nutritional intake, causing nutritional deterioration and growth disturbances in the short and long term. Objective: To analyze the nutritional support in critically ill pediatric patients of the University Hospital of Los Andes Merida-Venezuela, 2017. Methodology: quantitative approach, analytical type, non-experimental cross-sectional design. 53 patients admitted to the Special Care Unit (UCEP) and the Pediatric Critical Care Unit (PICU) were studied. Results: 52.8% female, age 3.91 ± 4.97 years, 60.4% in the infant group. 52.8% days of hospitalization from 1 to 7 days. Admission medical diagnosis: 26.4% due to gastrointestinal diseases. 43.4% under the norm in the diagnosis of growth by height. 94.3% of the patients had enteral nutritional support; 86.8% did not comply with the indicated nutritional support. In the nutritional support by means of the Student´s test of independent samples, they were found statistical differences in facts (p =.003) and carbohydrates (p = <0.01). Poor nutritional adequacy of total caloric requirement (47.2%), protein (32.1%), fat (39.6%) and carbohydrates (56.6%) was obtained. Conclusions: A moderate percentage of patients who were under the norm in nutritional diagnosis by weight, nutritional diagnosis by height and growth by height was determined; the patients had a high percentage of enteral nutritional support and low compliance with the indicated nutritional treatment; poor nutritional adequacy was observed.