Incidencia de la lesión renal aguda por COVID-19: revisión sistemática. Incidence of acute kidney injury by COVID-19: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak is in full swing on a global scale, and the introduction of vaccines has only just begun in some countries. It is important to evaluate the possible complications of this disease, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with a high mortality rate. This systematic review aims to quantify the incidence of AKI by COVID-19 from december 2019 to december 2020. Method: a search of case series and cohort studies was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, BVS and Science Direct databases, published between december 2019 and december 2020. They were included studies of patients with COVID-19, older than 18 years, who have presented acute kidney injury during the period of illness. Results: the incidence of AKI in 17 cohorts of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, older than 18 years was 35.1%. Nine of these studies presented a breakdown of AKI severity according to CKIDGO stages, resulting in 43.47% being stage 1, 21.05% stage 2, and 35.48% stage 3. Conclusions: acute kidney injury is a frequent complication in COVID-19 disease, as it has a significant incidence that increases with the severity of the patient. The study of these and other complications is considered necessary to guide clinical management and the provision of treatments in order to prevent greater morbidity and mortality.