Potencial de aprovechamiento de Araceae y Bromeliaceae como recursos no maderables en el bosque montano húmedo del Parque Nacional Cotapata, Bolivia
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Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
Se identificaron 69 y 55 especies útiles respectivamente de las familias Araceae y Bromeliaceae en bosques montanos húmedos en un rango de 400-3.500 m de altitud. En este tipo de bosques la mayoría de las especies en ambas familias tienen un uso especialmente ornamental. Se presenta el estudio de caso de la evaluación del potencial de aprovechamiento sostenible de las especies de uso ornamental en el Parque Nacional Cotapata. A partir del análisis de 127 inventarios florísticos en bosque zonal en áreas de 20 x 20 m en un rango de 1.400-3.500 m de altitud. Con el propósito de obtener información acerca de la abundancia existente y algunos criterios técnicos útiles sobre la cosecha, se determinó la frecuencia, cobertura máxima en porcentaje y distribución vertical de las especies de valor ornamental. Varias especies potencialmente ornamentales son frecuentes, sin embargo sus coberturas son bajas probablemente debido a ciertas preferencias en sus hábitats, ya que en ambas familias se observó abundancia local de ciertas especies de los géneros Anthurium, Guzmania y Tillandsia. Muchas especies de ambas familias se distribuyen principalmente en estratos inferiores e intermedios y solo pocas especies crecen exclusivamente en el dosel facilitando su cosecha. En conclusión, las especies de aráceas y bromeliáceas ornamentales estudiadas no presentan suficientes características compatibles para un aprovechamiento extractivo.
We identified 69 and 55 useful species of the plant families Araceae and Bromeliaceae, respectively, in humid montane forest at 400-3,500 m of elevation. In this forest type, most species in both families have mainly an ornamental value. We present a case study to evaluate the potential for sustainable use of ornamental species in the Bolivian Cotapata National Park. Ecological data of 127 floristic inventories that were carried out in plots of 20 x 20 m in zonal forest at 1,400-3,500 m were analyzed. In order to obtain information about the actual abundance and technical criteria about the harvest, we determinated the frequency, maximum value of cover, and the vertical distributions of the species with ornamental value. Several species with ornamental potential were relatively frequent, but with low cover values, probably due to certain habitat preferences. In both families, local abundances for some species of the genera Anthurium, Guzmania, and Tillandsia were observed. Most species in both families grew mainly in the lower and intermediate strata and only some occurred exclusively in the canopy, which would favor their harvest. In conclusion, the ornamental species of aroids and bromeliads studied did not show suitable features necessary for extraction activities.
We identified 69 and 55 useful species of the plant families Araceae and Bromeliaceae, respectively, in humid montane forest at 400-3,500 m of elevation. In this forest type, most species in both families have mainly an ornamental value. We present a case study to evaluate the potential for sustainable use of ornamental species in the Bolivian Cotapata National Park. Ecological data of 127 floristic inventories that were carried out in plots of 20 x 20 m in zonal forest at 1,400-3,500 m were analyzed. In order to obtain information about the actual abundance and technical criteria about the harvest, we determinated the frequency, maximum value of cover, and the vertical distributions of the species with ornamental value. Several species with ornamental potential were relatively frequent, but with low cover values, probably due to certain habitat preferences. In both families, local abundances for some species of the genera Anthurium, Guzmania, and Tillandsia were observed. Most species in both families grew mainly in the lower and intermediate strata and only some occurred exclusively in the canopy, which would favor their harvest. In conclusion, the ornamental species of aroids and bromeliads studied did not show suitable features necessary for extraction activities.
Description
Vol. 42, No. 1