Evaluación del Índice de Contaminación de Lixiviados de Relleno Sanitario y Efecto fitotoxico en la Germinación y Plántula de Phaseolus vulgaris L.
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J. Selva Andina Res. Soc.
Abstract
El manejo integral de residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) incluye el manejo de su lixiviado (LX), un efluente producto de la degradación de la fracción orgánica de los RSU, con su humedad y agua de lluvia. EL LX contamina áreas circunvecinas del sitio de disposición como, agua, suelo y los vegetales adyacentes. Una herramienta para medir el potencial de contaminación de un LX es el Índice de contaminación de lixiviados (ICL), propuesto por Kummar & Alappat (2005), que utiliza 18 parámetros para calcular un valor numérico entre 5-100, donde 100 es el máximo valor de contaminación. Este valor compara LX de distintos sitios y edades, para su tratamiento, sin embargo se desconoce si el ICL se relaciona con el efecto fitotóxico de un LX en una planta blanco. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el ICL de dos lixiviados y comparar su efecto en Phaseolus vulgaris L (frijol común). Así se realizó una investigación a escala invernadero con las variables respuesta: porcentaje de germinación de su semilla y fenología de P.vulgaris L a nivel de plántula tratada con distintas concentraciones de un LX de Guanajuato (GTO) y de Toluca (TOL). Los resultados indicaron que un valor del ICL mayor del LX de GTO (34.8) no causo el mayor efecto fitotóxico en P.vulgaris, aunque este bioensayo con el ICL podría ser otra herramienta complementaria para medir el potencial contaminante de un LX en el ambiente.
Appropriate solid waste management includes leachate management, an effluent that results from the degradation of solid waste, moisture content and pluvial additions to the disposal site. Due to poor management of the landfill, sometimes leachate is likely to reach nearby areas, affecting soil water and vegetal area. A powerful tool to assess the pollution potential of a given leachate is the leachate pollution index (LPI) developed by Kummar & Alappat (2005) that evaluates 18 parameters in order to calculate a value between 5-100 being 100 the highest in pollution potential. The LPI allows the comparison between leachates from different sites and ages, and also assists in the decision making process on leachate treatment. However, it is currently unknown if this value can also be related to the fitotóxico effect of a leachate on Phaseolus vulgaris L. The aim of this work was to calculate the LPI of two leachates and compare the effect on P. vulgaris L (common bean). A greenhouse scale experiment was set up, the studied variables were seed germination per cent (%) and phenotype of P. vulgaris at seedling step after treated with several leachate concentrations from Guanajuato (GTO) and Toluca (TOL), México. Results showed that a greater LPI (34.8) from GTO did not correspond to a largest fitotoxic effect on P. vulgaris. This bioassay could be a completely tool with LPI to evaluate pollution potential of leachate approaching to normal environmental conditions.
Appropriate solid waste management includes leachate management, an effluent that results from the degradation of solid waste, moisture content and pluvial additions to the disposal site. Due to poor management of the landfill, sometimes leachate is likely to reach nearby areas, affecting soil water and vegetal area. A powerful tool to assess the pollution potential of a given leachate is the leachate pollution index (LPI) developed by Kummar & Alappat (2005) that evaluates 18 parameters in order to calculate a value between 5-100 being 100 the highest in pollution potential. The LPI allows the comparison between leachates from different sites and ages, and also assists in the decision making process on leachate treatment. However, it is currently unknown if this value can also be related to the fitotóxico effect of a leachate on Phaseolus vulgaris L. The aim of this work was to calculate the LPI of two leachates and compare the effect on P. vulgaris L (common bean). A greenhouse scale experiment was set up, the studied variables were seed germination per cent (%) and phenotype of P. vulgaris at seedling step after treated with several leachate concentrations from Guanajuato (GTO) and Toluca (TOL), México. Results showed that a greater LPI (34.8) from GTO did not correspond to a largest fitotoxic effect on P. vulgaris. This bioassay could be a completely tool with LPI to evaluate pollution potential of leachate approaching to normal environmental conditions.
Description
Vol. 5, No. 1