La economía boliviana de los últimos cincuenta años: reflexiones sobre el desarrollo de largo plazo
Abstract
En el documento se hace un recorrido analítico y evaluativo de la economía boliviana durante el medio siglo último. Se constata que, pese a los esfuerzos de los diferentes modelos de desarrollo propuestos y ejecutados, no se ha alcanzado tasas de crecimiento sostenido del PIB, de tal manera que el país comience a superar sus indicadores de subdesarrollo. Esos modelos son tres: capitalismo de Estado, neoliberalismo y post-neoliberalismo. El autor sugiere que buen parte de la explicación reside en la apuesta generalizada por un desarrollo concentrado en la explotación de materias primas, pero sobre todo en la carencia de solidez político-institucional. Finalmente, se examina el papel que cumplen en el problema las políticas fiscales y monetarias y las políticas sociales y redistributivas, en especial en el último periodo del gobierno del MAS.
The paper goes through an evaluative analysis of the Bolivian economy in the last half century. It states that, despite the efforts made by the different development models proposed and implemented, the country has not reached the sustained growth rates of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) that are needed to overcome the underdevelopment indicators. The models referred to are three: state capitalism, neoliberalism and post-neoliberalism. The author suggests that the reason for this failure mainly resides in the widespread bet for the development focused on the exploitation of raw materials, but especially in the lack of political and institutional strength. Finally it examines the role that plays in this problem the fiscal and monetary policies as well as the social and redistributive policies, emphasizing the last period of the MAS government.
The paper goes through an evaluative analysis of the Bolivian economy in the last half century. It states that, despite the efforts made by the different development models proposed and implemented, the country has not reached the sustained growth rates of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) that are needed to overcome the underdevelopment indicators. The models referred to are three: state capitalism, neoliberalism and post-neoliberalism. The author suggests that the reason for this failure mainly resides in the widespread bet for the development focused on the exploitation of raw materials, but especially in the lack of political and institutional strength. Finally it examines the role that plays in this problem the fiscal and monetary policies as well as the social and redistributive policies, emphasizing the last period of the MAS government.
Description
Vol. 18, No. 33