Evaluación Morfológica De Las Generaciones M1 Y M2 De Triticum Aestivuml. (Trigo) Provenientes De Semilla Irradiada Con Co-60 Y Su Efecto Sobre La Absorción De Nutrientres Y Minerales
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Rev. Bol. Quim
Abstract
Spanish title: Evaluación morfológica de las generaciones MI y M2 de Triticum aestivum L. (grano de trigo); uso de radiación gamma, su efecto sobre la absorción de nutrientes y minerales. El uso de agentes mutágenos tanto físicos y químicos como generadores de variabilidad (mutagénesis) constituyen una herramienta para el mejoramiento genético de especies vegetales de interés económico, optimizando algunas características de una variedad consolidada sin alterar la mayoría de los caracteres que son favorables. En el presente trabajo se realizó la determinación de la dosis letal media y seguimiento de las generaciones MI y M2, de semillas de trigo (Triticum aestivum) de la variedad "TEPOCA T-89", irradiadas con 100, 200 y 300Gy. En la generación MI se identificó la dosis de 145Gy como inductora de la mayor cantidad de mutaciones, los valores medios de altura de planta, longitud de espiga, numero de granos y peso de grano fueron superiores en las plantas provenientes de semilla irradiada con lOOGy, de esta misma población se seleccionaron posibles plantas mutantes con modificaciones morfológicas, los valores de crecimiento se redujeron a "0", en la dosis más alta de 300Gy ya que ninguna planta sobrevivió. En la generación M2 los valores de crecimiento también fueron altos para la población de lOOGy, y para plantas con modificación morfológica que mantuvieron su carácter de modificación. A 200 Gy de irradiación el contenido de Na y K no presenta cambios significativos, pero disminuye el contenido de Ca, Mg, Zn, proteína, humedad y ceniza debido a que a dosis altas se inhibe el crecimiento de la planta existiendo una disminución en la absorción de nutrientes y minerales.
The use of mutagenic agents both physical and chemical as generators of variability (mutagenesis) are a tool for the genetic improvement of plant species of economic interest, optimizing some characteristics of a Consolidated variety without altering most of the characteristics that are favorable. In the present work, the determination of the average lethal dose and evaluation of the MI and M2 generations of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum) of the variety "TEPOCA T-89" irradiated with 100, 200 and 300Gy were carried out. In the MI generation, the 145Gy dose was identified as the inducer of the highest number of mutations. Mean valúes of plant height, tenon length, number of grains and grain weight were higher in the plants coming from seeds irradiated with lOOGy, of this same population, possible mutant plants with morphological modifications were selected, the growth valúes reduced to "0", in the highest dose of 300Gy since no plant survived. In the M2 generation the growth valúes were also high for the population of lOOGy, and for plants with morphological modification, which maintained their character of modification. At 200 Gy of irradiation the Na and K content does not present significant changes but the Ca, Mg, Zn, protein, humidity and ash content decreases because at high doses the growth of the plant is inhibited and there is a decrease in the absorption of nutrients and minerals.
The use of mutagenic agents both physical and chemical as generators of variability (mutagenesis) are a tool for the genetic improvement of plant species of economic interest, optimizing some characteristics of a Consolidated variety without altering most of the characteristics that are favorable. In the present work, the determination of the average lethal dose and evaluation of the MI and M2 generations of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum) of the variety "TEPOCA T-89" irradiated with 100, 200 and 300Gy were carried out. In the MI generation, the 145Gy dose was identified as the inducer of the highest number of mutations. Mean valúes of plant height, tenon length, number of grains and grain weight were higher in the plants coming from seeds irradiated with lOOGy, of this same population, possible mutant plants with morphological modifications were selected, the growth valúes reduced to "0", in the highest dose of 300Gy since no plant survived. In the M2 generation the growth valúes were also high for the population of lOOGy, and for plants with morphological modification, which maintained their character of modification. At 200 Gy of irradiation the Na and K content does not present significant changes but the Ca, Mg, Zn, protein, humidity and ash content decreases because at high doses the growth of the plant is inhibited and there is a decrease in the absorption of nutrients and minerals.
Description
Vol. 34, No. 1