Producción de forraje hidropónico de maíz (Zea mays L.) utilizando fertilizantes químicos y orgánicos
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J. Selva Andina Biosph.
Abstract
La provincia de Manabí ocupa el primer lugar en la producción cárnica en Ecuador, la deficiencia de alimento durante la época seca es uno de sus principales problemas, se plantea la producción de forraje verde hidropónico (FVH) como alternativa de solución, para lo que se plantearon los siguientes objetivos: i) determinar el fertilizante apropiado para la producción hidropónica de maíz, ii) establecer la variedad de maíz con mayor rendimiento como FVH y iii) definir el tiempo de oreo ideal en la explotación de FVH. Para desarrollar la investigación se aplicó 2 mL/L de agua de un fertilizante inorgánico (FI) a base de fosforo y se aplicó 2 g/L de agua de micorriza en polvo, se contrastaron en las variedades de maíz blanco y amarillo, con oreos de 48 y 72 h respectivamente. El diseño experimental aplicado fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial de 2x2x2 con ocho tratamientos, generando 64 unidades experimentales, considerando como variables de respuesta, peso, tamaño de raíz y altura de hojas del FVH. Los resultados determinaron mayor peso del maíz blanco con FI con 1.60 kg en bandejas de 40 x 50 cm y con 0.45 kg de maíz por bandeja, a nivel de altura no se determinó diferencia estadística y en lo que respecta al tamaño de raíz, el mejor tratamiento fue el maíz blanco con FI con 12.49 cm de longitud. Se concluye que el maíz blanco responde de mejor manera a la FI en condiciones hidropónicas, con un tiempo de oreo de 48 h.
The province of Manabí occupies the first place in the meat production in Ecuador, the deficiency of food during the dry season is one of its main problems. The production of green hydroponic fodder (GHF) is proposed as an alternative solution, for which the following objectives were: i) determine the appropriate fertilizer for the hydroponic production of maize, ii) to establish the maize variety with the highest yield as GHF and iii) to define the appropriate harvest time in the exploitation of GHF. In order to develop this research, 2 mL/L of water of an inorganic fertilizer (IF) based on phosphorus was applied and 2 g/L of powdered mycorrhizal water were applied, which were tested in the varieties of white and yellow maize, With airing of 48 and 72 h respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial arrangement of 2x2x2 with eight treatments, generating 64 experimental units, considering as variables of response, weight, root size and leaf height of the GHF. The results determined higher weight of white maize with FI with 1.69 kg in trays of 40 x 50 cm and with 0.45 kg of maize per tray, at height level no statistical difference was determined and for root size, the best treatment was white corn with FI with 12.49 cm in length. It is concluded that white maize responds better to IF under hydroponic conditions, with an airing time of 48 h.
The province of Manabí occupies the first place in the meat production in Ecuador, the deficiency of food during the dry season is one of its main problems. The production of green hydroponic fodder (GHF) is proposed as an alternative solution, for which the following objectives were: i) determine the appropriate fertilizer for the hydroponic production of maize, ii) to establish the maize variety with the highest yield as GHF and iii) to define the appropriate harvest time in the exploitation of GHF. In order to develop this research, 2 mL/L of water of an inorganic fertilizer (IF) based on phosphorus was applied and 2 g/L of powdered mycorrhizal water were applied, which were tested in the varieties of white and yellow maize, With airing of 48 and 72 h respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial arrangement of 2x2x2 with eight treatments, generating 64 experimental units, considering as variables of response, weight, root size and leaf height of the GHF. The results determined higher weight of white maize with FI with 1.69 kg in trays of 40 x 50 cm and with 0.45 kg of maize per tray, at height level no statistical difference was determined and for root size, the best treatment was white corn with FI with 12.49 cm in length. It is concluded that white maize responds better to IF under hydroponic conditions, with an airing time of 48 h.
Description
Vol. 5, No. 2